Resolving forces involving an elastic string

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on resolving forces involving a light elastic string with a natural length of 0.3m, fixed at one end, with a mass M attached to the other end. When in equilibrium, the string stretches to 0.4m, allowing the modulus of elasticity to be calculated as λ = 3Mg. The second part of the problem involves determining the angle α when the string stretches to 0.45m under a horizontal force, requiring the application of equilibrium conditions for both horizontal and vertical forces acting on the particle.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hooke's Law (F = ke)
  • Knowledge of modulus of elasticity (λ = kL)
  • Basic principles of equilibrium in physics
  • Ability to analyze right-angled triangles in force diagrams
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of Hooke's Law in different contexts
  • Learn about equilibrium conditions in two-dimensional force systems
  • Explore the concept of tension in elastic materials
  • Investigate the geometry of forces in right-angled triangles
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and elasticity, as well as educators looking to enhance their understanding of force resolution in elastic systems.

thebosonbreaker
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Homework Statement


A light elastic string of natural length 0.3m has one end fixed to a point on a ceiling. To the other end of the string is attached a particle of mass M. When the particle is hanging in equilibrium, the length of the string is 0.4m.
(a) Determine, in terms of M and g (take g = 9.8 ms-2), the modulus of elasticity of the string.
(b) A horizontal force is applied to the particle so that it is held in equilibrium with the string making an angle α with the downward vertical. The length of the string is now 0.45m. Find α, to the nearest degree.

Homework Equations


F = ke (Hooke's law)
Modulus of elasticity, λ = kL

The Attempt at a Solution


I have no problem with part (a).
I simply combine the two equations mentioned under "relevant equations" to give:
λ = FL/e = (tension * natural length) / extension = (Mg * 0.3) / 0.1 = 3Mg.

It is part (b) that I'm having trouble understanding.
I have attempted to consider the right-angled triangle formed between the string and the downwards vertical but I don't seem to be getting anywhere.

Could someone please help me by explaining how they would answer part (b)?
Thanks a lot in advance.
 
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thebosonbreaker said:
Could someone please help me by explaining how they would answer part (b)?
Consider the forces acting on the particle when the string is at an angle. (One of them will be the tension in the string.) Apply the conditions for equilibrium (for horizontal and vertical forces).
 

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