weirdoguy said:
What does dividing both sides by a number represent physically? What does squaring both side represent physically?
I don't know what you think the answer is, but my answer is not much. What you describe is rescaling. If ##a=b## this is shorthand hand notation for "quantity ##a## is the same as quantity ##b##. To maintain the logical relation of "is the same as" between the two, if I rescale ##a## by a factor of ##\frac{1}{3}##, I need to rescale ##b## by the same factor. Squaring both sides is based on similar reasoning, if I rescale ##a## by a factor of ##a##, to maintain the equality I need to rescale ##b## also by ##a##, but since ##a## is the same as ##b##, I might as well rescale ##b## by a factor of ##b##. I see no correspondence between the mathematical manipulation and physical reality here.
Physical reality enters when units are attached to numbers or algebraic symbols are given names that have implicit dimensions. When I see ##10~\text{m/s}##, I know that it describes a velocity which is a word that stands for a quantity with dimensions ##\left[LT^{-1}\right]## attached to it. Let me illustrate my thinking with a specific case of a simple exam problem.
Exam Problem
A car traveling at constant speed in a straight line covers a distance of 100 meters in 5 seconds.
Find the speed of the car. (10 points)
Ideal Solution $$v=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}=\frac{100~\text{m}}{5~\text{s}}=20~\text{m/s}.$$
Alice's Solution $$v=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}=\frac{100}{5}=20~\text{m/s}.$$
Bob's Solution $$v=\frac{100}{5}=20~\text{m/s}.$$
Chuck's Solution $$v=\frac{100}{5}=20.$$If I were grading this hypothetical exam, this is what I would do and why.
Alice gets full credit, 10 points. She did not show the units consistently but she did attach units to her final answer. If I were solving the problem for myself, I would write exactly what Alice wrote. The ideal solution is what I would post for others to see.
Bob gets half credit, 5 points. Bob's answer shows a disconnect from physical reality. Although Bob put down the units, he did not establish the implicit attachment of dimension ##\left[LT^{-1}\right]## to the mathematical symbol ##v## through the governing equation ##v=\text{Distance}/\text{Time}.##
Chuck gets a charitable 1 point only to distinguish his answer from no answer at all. Chuck has failed to establish a relation between the numbers and physical reality and it doesn't matter that the answer is "20" as opposed to "42".
Any of the last two students who cares enough to come to me and question where he lost points even though his answer was "the same" as the ideal answer, will be enlightened about what it means to use the language of math in order to do physics and be asked to be more careful next time. Mere mathematical manipulation without questioning whether it makes physical sense can easily lead one astray.
A piece of advice I frequently gave to my students was, "As you do your mathematical manipulations, split yourself into a second self looking over your shoulder. This second self is tasked with questioning every step you take and try to prove you wrong. If, when you reach the end of your manipulation, your second self has not been able to prove you wrong, then chances are that what you wrote down is correct."