Rutherford model of atom and Bohr model

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SUMMARY

The Rutherford model of the hydrogen atom posits a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around it, akin to planetary bodies. However, it inadequately explains the stability of these orbits and the forces holding the nucleus together, particularly in multi-proton systems. The Bohr model addresses these shortcomings by introducing quantized orbits and the significance of the quantum number 'n', which represents the electron's energy level. Bohr's model asserts that light emission or absorption occurs during transitions between these quantized states, providing a more accurate depiction of atomic behavior.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atomic structure and basic physics concepts
  • Familiarity with Rutherford's atomic theory
  • Knowledge of Bohr's model and quantum mechanics
  • Basic grasp of light emission and absorption principles
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the differences between Rutherford and Bohr models of the atom
  • Explore the concept of quantization in quantum mechanics
  • Learn about the implications of the quantum number 'n' in atomic theory
  • Investigate the historical context and experiments leading to the development of atomic models
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Students of physics, educators teaching atomic theory, and anyone interested in the historical development of atomic models and quantum mechanics.

Taylor_1989
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Homework Statement


Question
a) Briefly describe the Rutherford model of the hydrogen atom and mention any inadequacies that it might have.

b) Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, and indicate the significance of the quantum number 'n' in the Bohr model.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I am having a little issue with what the question is asking as I done really know any background information on Rutherford creating a working theory for a hydrogen atom.

I know that from experiments he had working theory of the atom as the nucleus in the centre and the electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits like planetary bodies, and the issue with this when he created this model were

1. How the nucleus was held together as the proton of the same change should repel.

2. The stability of the orbits as due to Maxwell theory as the electron are accelerating then they should loose energy and collapse into the nucleus.

But if I assume that i am using the Rutherford for the hydrogen then only number 2 is valid and number 1 for the hydrogen atom is only good if there is more than one proton in the nucleus.

Is this what the question is asking?

for b)
Bohr used the orbital model except he made two hypothesis where

1. Orbit where quantized, due to the quantization of angular momentum

2. Emission of light or absorption corresponds to transitions between allowed orbits.

where 'n' represent the electron level in the hydrogen atom (quntum number).

Is there anything I would need to add, or is my understanding in general correction in anyway.
 
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Taylor_1989 said:
I know that from experiments he [Rutherford] had working theory of the atom as the nucleus in the centre and the electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits like planetary bodies,
Rutherford's model did not include the idea of orbiting electrons. He simply assumed they were distributed somehow around a small nucleus. See e.g.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

or better, for the purposes of a school paper, the references at the end of those articles. (Students shouldn't use Wikipedia as the primary source for a paper, although well-written articles can point you towards good sources.)
 

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