# S^2 union a line connecting the north and south pole

1. Nov 24, 2011

### mathsq

I have been trying to determine the fundamental group of S^2 union a line connecting the north and south pole by using the Seifert Van Kampen Theorem. But every time I try and pick my two subsets U and V they are either not open or not arcwise connected or their intersection isn't particularly nice.

My guess is that the fundamental group should be $\mathbb{Z}$, but other than my intuition, I can't seem to find a way to show this.

2. Nov 24, 2011

### mathwonk

look at the universal cover, an infinite string of spheres like beads on a long string.

3. Nov 24, 2011

### mathsq

Thanks! So, I look at the group of deck transformations of the universal covering space (the string of beads), which I believe is Z. Then since the group of deck transformations of the universal covering space is isomorphic to the fundamental group, we are done.

4. Nov 24, 2011

### Jamma

Just for concreteness, what is the reason that the universal cover is this string of beads?

If you wanted to use Van Kampen, couldn't you take the "left of the sphere with the string" along with the "right of the sphere with the string"? Each piece will be homotopic to a circle and their overlap will be homotopic to a figure 8. It seems that the amalgamation will identify the two generators and you indeed get the integers, which is the "obvious" answer.

5. Nov 24, 2011

### Jamma

Oh, I was thinking of your bead incorrectly, I see why it is the universal cover, never mind!

6. Nov 25, 2011

### mathwonk

well you are right i ignored the question. but the cover makes it obvious the group is Z. (i think?)

7. Nov 26, 2011

### Jamma

No, your answer was nice, much nicer than using Van Kampen- I was just noting that it isn't too hard to use Van Kampen if that's what the OP wanted to do.

I've just thought again about your answer. Do I have this right- in your bead, I imagine your sphere (and interval) being cut in halves along the equator, and then the interval is made to point out in the opposite direction. You then glue these all back together in the obvious way. It will have trivial fundamental group since it is homotopic to a wedge of spheres and the covering map sends a point to where it came from in the above construction.

The set of deck transformations is Z, because it just matters where you send some particular sphere (I was worried about "flipping" everything being a self-homeomorphism- but thinking about it, this won't be a deck transformation).