Sanity check: Using the Jones calculus for superposition

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the application of Jones calculus to analyze the polarization of light in a coherent superposition of linear horizontal and vertical polarizations. When this light passes through a 45-degree polarizer, its polarization remains unchanged, while it cannot pass through a -45-degree polarizer due to orthogonal polarization. A quarter-wave plate oriented at 45 degrees transforms the polarization to left circular without affecting intensity. The discussion also highlights the importance of correctly applying the quarter-wave plate matrix, referencing the appropriate mathematical expressions for accurate results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Jones calculus
  • Familiarity with linear and circular polarization
  • Knowledge of matrix multiplication in the context of optics
  • Basic concepts of polarizers and wave plates
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mathematical representation of the quarter-wave plate matrix in detail
  • Explore the implications of polarization transformations in optical systems
  • Learn about the application of Jones calculus in advanced optics problems
  • Investigate the effects of different polarizer orientations on light intensity and polarization
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Students and professionals in optics, physicists working with polarization phenomena, and anyone interested in the mathematical modeling of light behavior using Jones calculus.

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Homework Statement



Suppose light is prepared in a coherent superposition of linear horizontal polarization and linear vertical polarization. What is the resulting polarization according to Jones calculus if it passes through:
  • a linear polarizer at a 45-degree angle (0 degrees would be vertical)
  • a linear polarizer at a -45-degree angle(0 degrees would be vertical)
  • a quarter-wave plate with a fast axis oriented at a 45-degree angle(0 degrees would be vertical)

Homework Equations



Jones calculus.

The Attempt at a Solution



Superposition of LHP and LVP appears to be the same as 45-degree polarization (L+45):
$$\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix}0\\1\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}$$

If this light passes through a 45-degree polarizer, its polarization and intensity should remain unchanged:
$$\begin{pmatrix}0.5 & 0.5\\0.5 & 0.5\end{pmatrix} × \begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}$$

None of this light can pass through a minus-45-degree polarizer because of its orthogonal polarization:
$$\begin{pmatrix}0.5 & -0.5\\-0.5 & 0.5\end{pmatrix} × \begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}0\\0\end{pmatrix}$$

A quarter-wave plate at 45 degrees turns the polarization to left circular and does not affect intensity:
$$\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0\\0 & -i\end{pmatrix} × \begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}1\\-i\end{pmatrix}$$

Did I make an error somewhere? Thanks for a sanity check!
 
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I think you have in the last portion applied the quarter wave plate at 0 degrees instead of 45 degrees. Wikipedia gives an expression for the quarter wave plate matrix rotated at any angle here.
$$e^{-\frac{i\pi}{4}}\begin{pmatrix}
\cos^2\theta + i\sin^2\theta & (1 - i)\sin\theta \cos\theta \\
(1 - i)\sin\theta \cos\theta & \sin^2\theta + i\cos^2\theta
\end{pmatrix}$$
Some people may leave off the prefactor ##e^{-\frac{i\pi}{4}}##.
I believe this can also be expressed as a rotated version of the vertical quarter wave plate
$$R\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0\\0 & -i\end{pmatrix}
R^{-1} $$
Applying the 45 degree quarter wave plate to 45 degree polarization should be like applying a 0 degree plate to vertical polarization, except everything is rotated.
 
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