Undergrad Can a Mass Spectrometer Deflect Space Debris in Orbit?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the feasibility of using mass spectrometers to deflect space debris, specifically small particles like a 1 cm² speck of paint, in orbit. Key concepts include the application of electromagnetic forces, as described by the equations F=qvB and B=UoH, to induce tangential acceleration. The conversation highlights the limitations of electrostatic dust accelerators, which can accelerate particles to high velocities but require significant voltage and ionization, making them impractical for use in space. The participants conclude that while theoretical calculations suggest some potential, the practical application remains uncertain due to the challenges of scaling and the need for direct interaction with debris.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic force equations (F=qvB, B=UoH)
  • Knowledge of orbital mechanics and space debris dynamics
  • Familiarity with electrostatic dust accelerators and their operational principles
  • Basic concepts of particle ionization in a vacuum environment
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of electromagnetic propulsion systems for space applications
  • Explore advanced techniques in particle ionization and acceleration in vacuum environments
  • Investigate current technologies for space debris mitigation and their effectiveness
  • Study the limitations and capabilities of electrostatic dust accelerators in practical scenarios
USEFUL FOR

Researchers, aerospace engineers, and students interested in space debris management, electromagnetic propulsion, and advanced particle acceleration technologies.

Alosha
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The essential question is can this tech be scaled up in the vacuum of space to add a substantial tangential acceleration to the orbital velocity vector of a piece of debris such as a speck of paint 1cm^2 in cross section. I am looking to deflect that speck of paint into a container or out of orbit. Could this tech be scaled up to say 10s of meters or larger with a strong enough magnetic field and intense ionizing currents?

I understand F=qvB , although am not sure how to calculate what the maximum induced surface charge of speck would be (or whether there is one). I think I remember from my electro-mechanics class that on Earth roughly the strongest electrostatic force which can be induced is 9N(Would be very substantial for a speck of paint). Is this the case in near Earth orbit?

There is also the issue of B=UoH where Uo=4Pi*10^-7 but at the same time, relative velocity would not be small in orbit and B neither.

Sorry if it's a little bit of a vague question but I have almost no grasp on orbital mechanics and am just trying to get an idea of whether this is a feasible concept worth doing research around or whether I am missing something substantial. The reason I'm looking into it is a proposal for a scholarship application I am in the process of writing.

If I am missing something big, out of interest what would be theoretically the largest particle which could be effectively deflected by a scaled up mass spectrometer or something similar- talking in whole degrees of deflection.

Thanks for any info or help.

Alosha.
 
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Electrostatic dust accelerators can accelerate picogram masses to a 10 km/s. If you are fine with 1 km/s, a nanogram might work. A naive scaling would suggest a microgram for 100 m/s (deorbiting). Example. But they need the dust particle inside the accelerator, and they have a 3 MV acceleration gradient.

Outside a spacecraft you won't get close to such a voltage. And you would have to ionize the particle (that is not designed for it) first.

And where is the point? Every electrostatic interaction would only be effective at a scale of meters. If you can come so close, you can aim for a direct hit of the particle in some absorber.
 

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