Can Mathematical Symbols Be Extracted from Scanned Journal Pages?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the extraction of mathematical symbols from scanned journal pages using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. Tools such as Adobe Acrobat and ABBYY are highlighted for their ability to edit and display the text layer of scanned PDFs. The conversation also mentions emerging technologies like Mathpix and Photomath that aim to improve the recognition of mathematical symbols from handwriting and images. Despite advancements, OCR still struggles with accuracy, particularly with older documents, necessitating human intervention for error correction.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology
  • Familiarity with PDF editing tools such as Adobe Acrobat and ABBYY
  • Knowledge of mathematical notation and symbols
  • Awareness of emerging technologies for mathematical extraction like Mathpix and Photomath
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the capabilities of Mathpix for extracting mathematical symbols from images
  • Explore the features of ABBYY for enhancing OCR accuracy in scanned documents
  • Learn about the limitations of OCR technology in recognizing complex mathematical expressions
  • Investigate the role of AI in improving OCR context recognition and error correction
USEFUL FOR

Researchers, educators, and developers involved in digitizing academic papers, particularly those focused on mathematics and scientific documentation.

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TL;DR
Many ancient journals were scanned into PDF files. What I don't know is how could these pages become mark-able and search-able?

They should only be images.
Many ancient journals were scanned into PDF files. What I don't know is how could these pages become mark-able and search-able?
They should only be images.
 
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Optical character recognition (OCR).
 
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In addition, PDF tools may allow for edits of the searchable text when OCR fails to recognize some scripts.
 
pbuk said:
Optical character recognition (OCR).
It works quite well these days but I read a lot of books (obviously scanned) on my Kindle and there are one or two mistakes in most of the books. Context usually digs me out of the problem but the Maths in some papers could produce undetectable errors (undetectable by my Maths brain, at least).
 
jedishrfu said:
In addition, PDF tools may allow for edits of the searchable text when OCR fails to recognize some scripts.
That sounds v intelligent. You mean an improved bolt on when the context reads as garbage? It's a matter of spotting an error in the first place.
 
PDF Editors like Adobe Acrobat (https://www.adobe.com/acrobat/) and ABBYY (https://pdf.abbyy.com/) can show the text layer. I'm sure there are tools for spell-checking and maybe even grammar-testing that layer.

There are also tools that can extract the whole text layer into a text file (e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pdftotext ).

A new technology is trying to extract mathematical symbols from handwriting and from scanned images
(e.g.
https://mathpix.com/
https://photomath.com/en/
https://webdemo.myscript.com/
https://socratic.org/ (from Google)
http://write-math.com/
https://www.i2ocr.com/free-online-math-equation-ocr
https://www.cs.rit.edu/~dprl/software.html
https://www.xthink.com/mathjournal.html (once promising)
https://www.inftyproject.org/en/software.html InftyReader
)

Maybe AI can help learn the appropriate context to improve recognition
https://www.searchonmath.com/
https://approach0.xyz/search/
https://mathdeck.org/I haven't tried all of these sites.
 
The weak link is in the OCR though. OCR utilities can spot text and non-text but some old papers give OCR a hard time. I should imagine any system might need to ask a human for advice. This could involve a lot of (specialist) man-hours for millions of documents.
 
robphy said:
A new technology is trying to extract mathematical symbols from handwriting and from scanned images
That could be very demanding. It could involve parsing an equation and working out its meaning from the context. Sort of thing that only an expert in the field of the paper could do. But never say never, about computing.
 

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