I think there are two main parts:
First, figure out what you want to end up knowing, and work backwards to find out what courses/subjects are required to support that. For example, if you want to understand how to make ball bearings, you'll need to study materials properties, manufacturing processes, engineering economics, etc. This will prioritize things and reduce your overall work. Each of these topics will have their own prerequisites to support them. Reading/skimming some more advanced texts will show you what you need to know before you study it in detail. Keep working the steps backward until you reach the point where you already know the necessary material.
Second, start with those basic prerequisites and work forward, taking/studying the subjects you need to achieve your goals. While you're doing that, think about how you'll use each thing you'll learn. Since you have a definite purpose in mind, and experience in manufacturing, you'll have an advantage here. If possible, find books/websites that apply the subject matter in an interesting way while you learn it. This is how I approached every topic in physics, and it made things stick with me for many years.
I recommend "Mechanical Engineering Design" by Shigley (and various co-authors). You'll need a mechanics of materials text to prepare for that, and a college-level physics book to prepare for that. That's part of working backward. For working forward (and at the risk of being self-serving), I'd recommend Physics for Gearheads (which I wrote) or another similar book. The reason is the approach. It starts from basic physics, but applies it to interesting automotive problems all the way through. It mimics the way I learned. It helps if you like and/or understand cars, but if you're mechanically-inclined, you're probably there.
You can probably find books that apply physics in other ways if you prefer, but no matter what, keep thinking about how you could use it. By that I don't mean to jump ahead, but to anticipate what's coming down the road.
I know there are also online courses (free or otherwise) that might be just right in your situation. "Engineering Explained" gives good, brief examples of using physics (but of course isn't an in-depth course).