Short exact sequences and group homomorphisms

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the properties of short exact sequences in abstract algebra, specifically the sequence $1 \longrightarrow N \longrightarrow^{\phi} G \longrightarrow^{\psi} H \longrightarrow 1$. The participant has established that $\phi$ is injective, $\psi$ is surjective, and $N$ is normal in $G$, leading to the conclusion that $H \cong G/N$. To demonstrate that $G \cong N \times H$, it is necessary to show that $G/N$ is normal in $G$. The participant suggests using the natural projection mapping and highlights the importance of the mapping $j: H \longrightarrow G$ in this context.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of short exact sequences in group theory
  • Familiarity with group homomorphisms and isomorphisms
  • Knowledge of normal subgroups and their properties
  • Concept of internal and external direct products of groups
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of normal subgroups in relation to short exact sequences
  • Explore the concept of internal direct products in group theory
  • Learn about the natural projection mapping in the context of group homomorphisms
  • Investigate the implications of abelian versus non-abelian groups in direct product structures
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, particularly those specializing in abstract algebra, group theorists, and students seeking to deepen their understanding of group homomorphisms and exact sequences.

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Abstract algebra question. Given the short exact sequence

$ 1 \longrightarrow N \longrightarrow^{\phi} G \longrightarrow^{\psi} H \longrightarrow 1 $

I need to show that given a mapping $ j: H \longrightarrow G, and $ \psi \circ j = Id_h $ (the identity on H), then $ G \cong N \times H. (The internal direct product).

So far I have proved the following: $ \phi $ is injective, $ \psi $ is surjective, N is normal in G, and $ H \cong G/N $.

Now since I know $ H \cong G/N $, for this isomorphism $ G \cong N \times H to be true, wouldn't I need to show that G/N is normal in G?

I think the natural projection mapping is the right path (mapping g in G to its coset in G/N), but I can't get it to be an internal direct product..
 
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You have to use j at some point. Note that the image of j is isomorphic to H.

Edit: Are N, G, H supposed to be abelian? Otherwise you only get a "twisted direct product".
 
I think I got it, K: NxH -> G, taking (n,h) -> n*j(h). I forgot that internal direct products are isomorphic to the external direct products in the finite case.
 

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