MHB Show that there is a 1-km section that he covers in 1.5 minutes

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Hey! :giggle:

A cyclist, constantly driving forward, covers a distance of $80$ km in exactly $2$ hours. Show that there is a $1$-kilometer section of this journey that he covers in exactly $1.5$ minutes.
Hint: Continuity of the inverse function.

So we have to define a function $\phi :T\rightarrow K, \ x\mapsto \frac{120x}{80}$, where $T$ is the set of time and $K$ is the set of kilometer. Or can we not just define the function like that?

Then we want to show that there is a $y$ such that $\phi (y)=1,5$ and that $y=1$, right?

:unsure:
 
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Hey mathmari!

I think you mean a function $\phi: K \to T$, where $K$ is the set of distances and $T$ is the set of times, with the boundary conditions $\phi(0)=0$ and $\phi(80\,\text{km})=120\,\text{minutes}$, and it is an increasing function.
We don't know what that function is. The function you gave is just an example of what it could be. 🤔

Then we would want to show that there is an $y$ such that $\phi'(y)=1.5\,\frac{\text{minute}}{\text{km}}$. 🤔
 
Klaas van Aarsen said:
I think you mean a function $\phi: K \to T$, where $K$ is the set of distances and $T$ is the set of times, with the boundary conditions $\phi(0)=0$ and $\phi(80\,\text{km})=120\,\text{minutes}$, and it is an increasing function.
We don't know what that function is. The function you gave is just an example of what it could be. 🤔

Then we would want to show that there is an $y$ such that $\phi'(y)=1.5\,\frac{\text{minute}}{\text{km}}$. 🤔

Ahh! :geek:

It holds that : If $f(x)$ is continuous on its domain, and a injective function, then $f^{-1}$ is a function that is also continuous on its domain.
But do we have information to show that?
Given the values $\phi(0)=0$ and $\phi(80)=120$ it seems like IVT, but I don't think that it helps us here..

Could you give me a hint?

:unsure:
 
How about the mean value theorem instead? 🤔
 
Klaas van Aarsen said:
How about the mean value theorem instead? 🤔

Then we get that there is a c in $(0,120)$ such that $\phi '(c) =\frac{\phi(120)-\phi(0)}{120-0}=\frac{80}{120}$.

How is this relates to the inverse function?
 
mathmari said:
Then we get that there is a c in $(0,120)$ such that $\phi '(c) =\frac{\phi(120)-\phi(0)}{120-0}=\frac{80}{120}$.

Don't we have $c$ in $(0,\,80\,\text{km})$ and $\phi(80\,\text{km})=120\,\text{minutes}$? 🤔

mathmari said:
How is this relates to the inverse function?
$\phi$ is the inverse function of the usual distance as function of time, isn't it? :unsure:
 
Klaas van Aarsen said:
Don't we have $c$ in $(0,\,80\,\text{km})$ and $\phi(80\,\text{km})=120\,\text{minutes}$? 🤔

Oh yes... We have \begin{equation*}\phi '(c)={\frac {\phi (80)-\phi (0)}{80-0}}={\frac {120-0}{80-0}}={\frac {120}{80}}={\frac {120}{80}}=1.5\end{equation*}
Klaas van Aarsen said:
$\phi$ is the inverse function of the usual distance as function of time, isn't it? :unsure:

Yes. But we have that the derivative at $x_0$ is equal to $1.5$. :unsure:
 
mathmari said:
Yes. But we have that the derivative at $x_0$ is equal to $1.5$.
Indeed. So we're using the continuity of the inverse of the distance function, combined with the fact that it's differentiable. 🤔
 
Klaas van Aarsen said:
Indeed. So we're using the continuity of the inverse of the distance function, combined with the fact that it's differentiable. 🤔

I am confused about that right now. So do we use the formula of the derivative of the inverse function? :unsure:
 
  • #10
mathmari said:
I am confused about that right now. So do we use the formula of the derivative of the inverse function?
What do you mean by the formula of the derivative? 🤔

We're using the formula of the mean value theorem. 🤔
 
  • #11
Klaas van Aarsen said:
What do you mean by the formula of the derivative? 🤔

We're using the formula of the mean value theorem. 🤔

Yes, by the mean value theorem we have shown that there is a $y$ such that $\phi'(y)=1.5$.

But what does this mean? I am confused that we have now the derivative of $\phi$ :unsure:
 
  • #12
mathmari said:
Yes, by the mean value theorem we have shown that there is a $y$ such that $\phi'(y)=1.5$.

But what does this mean? I am confused that we have now the derivative of $\phi$
It means that there is a location in the trajectory that we traverse with $1.5$ minutes per km.
Put otherwise, there is a section of 1 km that takes 1.5 minutes. 🤔
 
  • #13
Klaas van Aarsen said:
It means that there is a location in the trajectory that we traverse with $1.5$ minutes per km.
Put otherwise, there is a section of 1 km that takes 1.5 minutes. 🤔

How do we see that the section is of length 1 km ?

But why do we need the continuity of the inverse function?

:unsure:
 
  • #14
mathmari said:
How do we see that the section is of length 1 km ?

Because that is how we choose our function $\phi$.
The derivative is supposed to represent the time it takes to complete a section of 1 km as function of distance. 🤔

mathmari said:
But why do we need the continuity of the inverse function?
To apply the mean value theorem.
Otherwise the function could jump so that there isn't a point where we drive 1.5 minute/km. 🤔
 
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  • #15
Klaas van Aarsen said:
To apply the mean value theorem.
Otherwise the function could jump so that there isn't a point where we drive 1.5 minute/km. 🤔

So we can use the derivative, i.e. we know that $\phi$ is differentiable because of the continuity of the inverse function ? :unsure:
 
  • #16
mathmari said:
So we can use the derivative, i.e. we know that $\phi$ is differentiable because of the continuity of the inverse function ?
It is given that we continuously drive forward.
That means that the distance as function of time is continuously differentiable everywhere with a positive derivative (positive velocity).
The inverse function theorem tells us that the inverse of the distance function (which we called $\phi$) is then also continuously differentiable everywhere. 🤔
 
  • #17
Klaas van Aarsen said:
It is given that we continuously drive forward.
That means that the distance as function of time is continuously differentiable everywhere with a positive derivative (positive velocity).
The inverse function theorem tells us that the inverse of the distance function (which we called $\phi$) is then also continuously differentiable everywhere. 🤔

I got it now! Thanks! :geek:
 
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