Optimizing Exposure Time for Different Magnitude Stars

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on optimizing exposure times for astrophotography, specifically for different magnitude stars. A 60-second exposure of a 6th magnitude star yielded a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 20. To achieve an S/N of 100, the required exposure time is calculated to be 1500 seconds. Additionally, the impact of magnitude on count rates is discussed, emphasizing that the count rate (μ) will vary with the star's magnitude, affecting the S/N calculations.

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Summary:: An image was taken with a ##60## second exposure time of a 6th magnitude star and the signal to noise ratio was detected to be ##S/N = 20##.

a. What should the exposure time be if you wanted a ##S/N = 100##?
b. Now calculate the ##S/N## if it were a 2nd magnitude star for a ##10## second exposure.

For part a I got the following:

Let ##S = \mu t##, where ##\mu## is the count and ##t## is time, therefore we have $$S/N = 20$$ $$\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)} = 20$$ $$(\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)})^2= 20^2$$ $$\frac{\mu^2 t^2}{\mu t} = 400$$ therefore the count ##\mu## is ##400##. Therefore in order to get ##S/N = 100## we have $$S/N = 100$$ $$\frac{\mu t}{\sqrt(\mu t)} = 100$$ $$(\frac{400t}{\sqrt(400t)})^2= 100^2$$ $$\frac{400^2 t^2}{400t} = 10000$$ now solving for ##t## I got ##1500## seconds.

But for part b of the question, do I apply the same logic even though the magnitude of the star is different? Or will the logic be different?
 
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The count rate ##\mu## will be different and you can calculate how much it will differ based on the magnitude.

You only consider Poisson noise here - which might be fine (and might be expected within the scope of the problem), but in general there can be other noise sources, too.
 
mfb said:
The count rate ##\mu## will be different and you can calculate how much it will differ based on the magnitude.

You only consider Poisson noise here - which might be fine (and might be expected within the scope of the problem), but in general there can be other noise sources, too.

Yes, the scope is only Poisson. So the count rate for part b will be different due to the change of magnitude? So since the magnitude difference is ##4## will I get the following: $$2.5^4 * \sqrt\frac{400}{\frac{60sec}{10sec}}?$$
 
Why did you put the magnitude difference outside the brackets?
 
mfb said:
Why did you put the magnitude difference outside the brackets?
Hmm which brackets?
 
Eh, I meant the square root.
 
mfb said:
Eh, I meant the square root.

I thought the equation was magnitude times the count? Or does the magnitude need to be inside the square root?
 
2.54 is the ratio of photons per time. Just like all the other terms that scale with the signal it should be in the square root if you calculate signal to noise ratios.
 
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