A simple beam is a type of structural element that is designed to resist bending and carry loads along its length. It is typically a horizontal member that is supported at both ends and can have a variety of cross-sectional shapes, such as rectangular, circular, or I-shaped.
A gravity wall is a type of retaining wall that relies on its own weight to resist the pressure of the soil behind it. This is achieved by building the wall with a wider base than the top, creating a wedge shape that is stable under the weight of the soil.
A column is a vertical structural element that is used to support the weight of a building and transfer it to the foundation. It also helps to distribute the weight of the building evenly and resist lateral forces, such as wind or seismic activity.
The main factors that affect the design of a simple beam include the type and magnitude of the load it will carry, the length of the beam, the material it is made of, and the support conditions at its ends. Other factors, such as deflection and bending stress, also play a role in the design.
The stability of a gravity wall is ensured by taking into account the weight of the wall, the angle of the wall, the type and properties of the soil, and any additional forces acting on the wall, such as water pressure. The wall is designed to have sufficient weight and strength to resist these forces and remain stable.