MHB Solve Integral w/ Log: $$\int_{5}^{\infty}\frac{1}{t^r\log t}dt$$

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To solve the integral $$\int_{5}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\log(t)t^{r}}dt$$ for $r \geq 2$, integration by parts and substitutions are utilized. The substitution $\log(t) = x$ transforms the integral into a form involving the exponential integral function, specifically $$E_1\left(\log(5)(r-1)\right)$$. This integral cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions. Additionally, there are discussions about variable naming to avoid confusion in the substitution process. The exponential integral is a key component in evaluating this integral.
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How can I solve (or evaluating) this integral $$\int_{5}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\log\left(t\right)t^{r}}dt$$ with $r\geq 2$?
 
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Bibubo said:
How can I solve (or evaluating) this integral $$\int_{5}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\log\left(t\right)t^{r}}dt$$ with $r\geq 2$?

I would expect you need to use integration by parts...
 
$$\int^\infty_5 \frac{1}{\log(t)\,t^r}\,dt$$

Let $\log(t) = x \implies \,t=e^x \,\,\,\,;dt=e^x \,dx$

$$\int^\infty_{\log(5)} \frac{e^{-x(r-1)}}{x}\,dt$$

Let $z= x(r-1) \,\, \implies dz = r-1\,dz$

$$\int^\infty_{\log(5)(r-1)} \frac{e^{-z}}{z}\,dz = E_1\left(\log(5)(r-1) \right)$$

Where the exponential integral is defined

$$E_n(x) = \int^\infty_1 \frac{e^{-xt}}{t^n}\,dt$$
 
Last edited:
Bibubo said:
How can I solve (or evaluating) this integral $$\int_{5}^{\infty}\frac{1}{\log\left(t\right)t^{r}}dt$$ with $r\geq 2$?
The substitution $x = (r-1)\log t$ transforms this into the exponential integral $$\int_{(r-1)\log 5}^\infty \frac{e^{-x}}xdx$$, which cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions.

Edit. Sorry, didn't see ZaidAlyafey's comment.
 
ZaidAlyafey said:
$$\int^\infty_5 \frac{1}{\log(t)\,t^r}\,dt$$

Let $\log(t) = x \implies \,t=e^x \,\,\,\,;dt=e^x \,dx$

$$\int^\infty_{\log(5)} \frac{e^{-x(r-1)}}{x}\,dt$$

Let $t= x(r-1) \,\, \implies dt = r-1\,dx$

$$\int^\infty_{\log(5)(r-1)} \frac{e^{-t}}{t}\,dt = E_1\left(\log(5)(r-1) \right)$$

Where the exponential integral is defined

$$E_n(x) = \int^\infty_1 \frac{e^{-xt}}{t^n}\,dt$$
Fantastic, I couldn't have come close. But as a general rule I wouldn't have used "t" as the integration variable in the second substitution. I know it's just a dummy variable but as we've already used it in the problem I find it to a point of potential confusion.

-Dan
 
topsquark said:
Fantastic, I couldn't have come close. But as a general rule I wouldn't have used "t" as the integration variable in the second substitution. I know it's just a dummy variable but as we've already used it in the problem I find it to a point of potential confusion.

-Dan

Thanks. I edited my post , I was already thinking about that :)
 
There are probably loads of proofs of this online, but I do not want to cheat. Here is my attempt: Convexity says that $$f(\lambda a + (1-\lambda)b) \leq \lambda f(a) + (1-\lambda) f(b)$$ $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (f(a) - f(b))$$ We know from the intermediate value theorem that there exists a ##c \in (b,a)## such that $$\frac{f(a) - f(b)}{a-b} = f'(c).$$ Hence $$f(b + \lambda(a-b)) \leq f(b) + \lambda (a - b) f'(c))$$ $$\frac{f(b + \lambda(a-b)) - f(b)}{\lambda(a-b)}...

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