Solve Problem: Partition Function for Magnetic Moment

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the induced magnetization \( M \) for a system of \( N \) atoms with a magnetic moment \( m \) in a magnetic field \( H \). The Hamiltonian is defined as \( \mathcal{H}(p,q) - mH \sum_{i=1}^N \cos(\alpha_{i}) \). The resulting magnetization is expressed as \( M = Nm \coth(\theta - \frac{1}{\theta}) \), where \( \theta = \frac{mH}{k_BT} \). The magnetic partition function \( Z \) is crucial for this derivation, and the hint provided references Reif's "Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics" for further insights on calculating \( Z \).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hamiltonian mechanics
  • Familiarity with statistical mechanics concepts, particularly partition functions
  • Knowledge of thermodynamic relations, specifically magnetization and free energy
  • Basic grasp of angular probability distributions in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the magnetic partition function \( Z \) in statistical mechanics
  • Explore the implications of the Hamiltonian in magnetic systems
  • Learn about the relationship between free energy \( F \) and magnetization \( M \)
  • Investigate the role of temperature \( T \) and magnetic field \( H \) in determining \( \theta \)
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in physics, particularly those focusing on statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and magnetic materials. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of magnetic properties in atomic systems.

Joe Cool
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Hi,
maybe someone can help me with this problem?

Homework Statement


A system consist of N Atoms that have a magnetic moment m. The Hamiltonian in the presence of a magnetic field H is
$$\mathcal{H}(p,q) - mH \sum_{i=1}^N cos(\alpha_{i})$$
where ##\alpha_i## is the angle between the magnetic field and the atom i.

Show that the induced magnetisationt M is:
$$M=Nm\coth(\theta-\frac 1 \theta), \theta=\frac {mH}{ k_BT}$$

Homework Equations


Magnetisation ##M=-\frac {\partial F} {\partial H}##
Free energy ##F=-k_B\ln(Z)##

The Attempt at a Solution


##Z=Z_{mech}* Z_{magn}##
I don't know how to calculate the magnetic partition function.
 
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This problem I think is problem (7.14) in Reif's Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. Reif gives a hint for the probability being around the angle ## \alpha_i ## (he calls it ## \theta ## ) : In the absence of a magnetic field, the probability that the magnetic moment is between ## \theta ## and ## \theta + d \theta ## is proportional to the differential solid angle ## d \Omega=2 \pi sin(\theta) d \theta ## covered by this ## d \theta ##, and in the presence of a magnetic field this will be weighted by the factor ## e^{-E/(kT)} ##, where ## E ## is the magnetic energy for the angle ## \theta ##.
 
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Likes   Reactions: Joe Cool
Thanks a lot, now I get it :-)
 

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