I Solving Proca Lagrangian w/ Extra Operator: Find Laws of Motion

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The discussion focuses on deriving the laws of motion from the Proca Lagrangian using the Euler-Lagrange equation. The participants explore the implications of adding an extra operator to the Lagrangian and how to properly handle indices in the context of derivatives. A key point of contention is the correct application of the Kronecker delta in the differentiation of tensor components, with confusion arising over the arrangement of indices. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding index notation and the conventions used in tensor calculus. Ultimately, clarity on these mathematical principles is essential for accurately deriving results in theoretical physics.
  • #31
Yes, so how you apply this on #28? Btw, there you forgot the ##-\beta##.
 
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  • #32
i ended up using the property ##g_{\mu\gamma}\delta^\gamma_\alpha=g_{\mu\alpha}## to come up with this solution:
$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} + \partial^\beta(A_\mu A^\mu g_{\rho\beta} \delta^\rho_\alpha) + \mu^2 A_\alpha =(\partial_\rho A^\rho) (g_{\mu\alpha} A^\mu + g_{\gamma\alpha} A^\gamma) + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$which finally becomes$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} + \partial^\beta(A_\mu A^\mu g_{\alpha\beta}) + \mu^2 A_\alpha = (A_\alpha + A_\alpha) + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$
so then the right hand side becomes ##2A_\alpha + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha##
 
  • #33
Maniac_XOX said:
i ended up using the property ##g_{\mu\gamma}\delta^\gamma_\alpha=g_{\mu\alpha}## to come up with this solution:
$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} + \partial^\beta(A_\mu A^\mu g_{\rho\beta} \delta^\rho_\alpha) + \mu^2 A_\alpha =(\partial_\rho A^\rho) (g_{\mu\alpha} A^\mu + g_{\gamma\alpha} A^\gamma) + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$which finally becomes$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} + \partial^\beta(A_\mu A^\mu g_{\alpha\beta}) + \mu^2 A_\alpha = (A_\alpha + A_\alpha) + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$
so then the right hand side becomes ##2A_\alpha + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha##
Apart from the ##-\beta## factor, you also lose a ##\partial_\rho A^\rho##. But yes essentially is correct. You can still simplify the RHS a little.
 
  • #34
Gaussian97 said:
Apart from the ##-\beta## factor, you also lose a ##\partial_\rho A^\rho##. But yes essentially is correct. You can still simplify the RHS a little.
Right i forgot those factors while focusing on the other stuff but yeah it's still there. Not sure how i can simplify more but a question i have involving the LHS is:
Does ##\partial^\beta(g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu)##
mean the same as $$\frac {\partial (g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu)}{\partial A^\beta}$$ ?
 
  • #35
No, the derivative is wrt the 4-position, not the ##A## field.
 
  • #36
Gaussian97 said:
No, the derivative is wrt the 4-position, not the ##A## field.
Right, so the correct definition of that would be then $$\frac {\partial (g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu)}{\partial t} + \frac {\partial(g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu)}{\partial x} + \frac {\partial(g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu}{\partial y} + \frac {\partial(g_{\alpha\beta}A_\mu A^\mu}{\partial z}$$
 
  • #37
No, first of all, if you expand the sum over ##\beta##, you must substitute ##\beta## everywhere. But even then, what you have is still not 100% correct, because for the derivative to be a contravariant vector ##\partial^\beta## you must differentiate wrt a covariant vector, i.e. ##x_\beta##, and the components of ##x_\beta## are not ##(t,x,y,z)##
 
  • #38
Gaussian97 said:
No, first of all, if you expand the sum over ##\beta##, you must substitute ##\beta## everywhere. But even then, what you have is still not 100% correct, because for the derivative to be a contravariant vector ##\partial^\beta## you must differentiate wrt a covariant vector, i.e. ##x_\beta##, and the components of ##x_\beta## are not ##(t,x,y,z)##
But i thought that's what the 4-position was, and i substituted the betas everywhere relevant?
 
  • #39
Maniac_XOX said:
But i thought that's what the 4-position was, and i substituted the betas everywhere relevant?
Those are the contravariant coordinates of the ##x## 4-vector, you want to take derivatives with respect to the covariant coordinates.
I don't know what you mean by relevant, if you expand ##\beta## you cannot have ##\beta## in the final expression, otherwise you did it wrong.

In any case, you can simplify this expression without any need of expanding any term.
 
  • #40
Gaussian97 said:
Those are the contravariant coordinates of the ##x## 4-vector, you want to take derivatives with respect to the covariant coordinates.
I don't know what you mean by relevant, if you expand ##\beta## you cannot have ##\beta## in the final expression, otherwise you did it wrong.

In any case, you can simplify this expression without any need of expanding any term.
Yeah I'm not planning on expanding ##\beta##. I think i understood now that ##\partial^\beta## can only be operated as $$g^{\beta\alpha} \partial_\alpha = g^{\beta\alpha} \frac{\partial}{\partial x^\alpha}$$

The most i have managed to simplify so far is to this point:
$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} -\partial_\alpha (A_\mu A^\mu)\beta + \mu^2 A_\alpha =-2A_\alpha \beta (\partial_\rho A^\rho) + \frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$
 
Last edited:
  • #41
Ok, now that's correct (except for some index that has raised magically)
 
  • #42
true i corrected it, is that as far as i can simplify it?
$$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha} + 2A_\alpha (\partial_\rho A^\rho) \beta + \mu^2 A_\alpha =+ \partial_\alpha (A_\mu A^\mu)\beta +\frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$
 
  • #43
Well, you can use the product rule to simplify it a little the derivative, and then collect the terms proportional to ##\beta##, but I don't think this will make a big difference.
 
  • #44
Gaussian97 said:
Well, you can use the product rule to simplify it a little the derivative, and then collect the terms proportional to ##\beta##, but I don't think this will make a big difference.
This time the components of ##\partial x^\alpha## are $$\frac {\partial_t}{c} + \frac{\partial}{\partial x} + \frac {\partial}{\partial y} + \frac {\partial}{\partial z}$$

Found that the equation could also become
but it could also become: $$\partial^\beta F_{\beta\alpha}+\mu^2 A_\alpha =+ \beta(A_\nu \partial_\alpha A^\nu + A_\mu \partial_\alpha A^\mu -2A_\alpha \partial_\rho A^\rho) +\frac {4\pi}{c} J_\alpha$$

Any further tips to simplify? or is this alright :)
 
Last edited:
  • #45
[EDIT] all solved now finally, thank you for the help :)
 

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