Solving the Heat Equation with Initial Conditions

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around solving the heat equation with specific initial conditions, focusing on the series representation of the solution and the determination of series coefficients. Participants explore the mathematical formulation and numerical methods involved in this process.

Discussion Character

  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Technical explanation
  • Exploratory

Main Points Raised

  • Several participants present the general form of the solution to the heat equation as a series involving cosine terms and exponential decay.
  • The eigenvalues are defined by the equation \(\tan\lambda_n = \frac{1}{\lambda_n}\), which is a critical aspect of the solution.
  • Participants discuss the initial condition \(T(x,0) = 1\) and its implications for the function \(f(x)\), with one participant seeking clarification on what \(f\) represents.
  • One participant proposes that \(f\) likely denotes the initial condition, as it is commonly used to represent arbitrary initial conditions in such contexts.
  • There is a calculation presented for the coefficients \(A_n\) using the integral \(A_n = 2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx\), with a later simplification provided as \(A_n = \frac{2\sin\lambda_n}{\lambda_n}\).
  • One participant questions the derivation of a specific series representation provided by another, asking if it was obtained by simplifying the earlier series.
  • Another participant mentions using Desmos to obtain the eigenvalues from the equation \(\tan x = \frac{1}{x}\).

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the formulation of the heat equation and the method for determining coefficients, but there is some uncertainty regarding the interpretation of \(f(x)\) and the derivation of the series representation. The discussion remains unresolved on these points.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about the initial condition and the definitions of terms used in the discussion. The mathematical steps leading to the series representation and the eigenvalue determination are not fully resolved.

Dustinsfl
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I have already solved the main portions.
I have
$$
T(x,t) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}A_n\cos\lambda_n x\exp(-\lambda_n^2t)
$$
The eigenvalues are determined by
$$
\tan\lambda_n = \frac{1}{\lambda_n}
$$
The initial condition is $T(x,0) =1$.
For the particular case of $f(x) = 1$, numerically determine the series coefficients $A_n$ and construct a series representation for $T(x,t)$.
How do I do this?
$$
A_n = 2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx
$$
 
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dwsmith said:
I have already solved the main portions.
I have
$$
T(x,t) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}A_n\cos\lambda_n x\exp(-\lambda_n^2t)
$$
The eigenvalues are determined by
$$
\tan\lambda_n = \frac{1}{\lambda_n}
$$
The initial condition is $T(x,0) =1$.
For the particular case of $f(x) = 1$, numerically determine the series coefficients $A_n$ and construct a series representation for $T(x,t)$.
How do I do this?
$$
A_n = 2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx
$$
$$
\begin{alignat*}{3}
T(x,t) & = & 1.7624\cos(0.86x)e^{-0.86^2t} - 0.1638\cos(3.426x)e^{-3.426^2t} + 0.476\cos(6.437x)e^{6.437^2t}\\
& - & 0.0218\cos(9.529x)e^{-9.529^2t} + 0.0124\cos(12.645x)e^{-12.645^2t} - 0.0080\cos(15.771x)e^{-15.771^2t}\\
& + & 0.0055\cos(18.902x)e^{-18.902^2t} - 0.0041\cos(22.036x)e^{-22.036^2t} + 0.0031\cos(25.172x)e^{-25.172^2t}\\
& - & 0.0025\cos(38.31x)e^{-28.31^2t}
\end{alignat*}
$$
 
dwsmith said:
I have already solved the main portions.
I have
$$
T(x,t) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}A_n\cos\lambda_n x\exp(-\lambda_n^2t)
$$
The eigenvalues are determined by
$$
\tan\lambda_n = \frac{1}{\lambda_n}
$$
The initial condition is $T(x,0) =1$.
For the particular case of $f(x) = 1$, numerically determine the series coefficients $A_n$ and construct a series representation for $T(x,t)$.
How do I do this?
$$
A_n = 2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx
$$

Hi dwsmith, :)

Can you please clarify as to what \(f\) is?

Kind Regards,
Sudharaka.
 
My guess is the initial condition since $f$ is usually denoted as an arbitrary IC.
 
dwsmith said:
How do I do this?
$$
A_n = 2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx
$$

\[A_n=2\int_0^1\cos\lambda_n xdx=\left.\frac{2\sin\lambda_n x}{\lambda_n}\right|_{0}^{1}=\frac{2\sin\lambda_n}{\lambda_n}\]

dwsmith said:
$$
\begin{alignat*}{3}
T(x,t) & = & 1.7624\cos(0.86x)e^{-0.86^2t} - 0.1638\cos(3.426x)e^{-3.426^2t} + 0.476\cos(6.437x)e^{6.437^2t}\\
& - & 0.0218\cos(9.529x)e^{-9.529^2t} + 0.0124\cos(12.645x)e^{-12.645^2t} - 0.0080\cos(15.771x)e^{-15.771^2t}\\
& + & 0.0055\cos(18.902x)e^{-18.902^2t} - 0.0041\cos(22.036x)e^{-22.036^2t} + 0.0031\cos(25.172x)e^{-25.172^2t}\\
& - & 0.0025\cos(38.31x)e^{-28.31^2t}
\end{alignat*}
$$

I don't understand why you wrote this. Did you obtain this by simplifying the series mentioned in your first post?
 
That is the series with the eigenvalues obtain from Desmos of the first 10 positive of $\tan x = \frac{1}{x}$.
 

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