Special Relativity: Relative speeds of particles

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the relative speed of two particles moving at equal speed u in orthogonal directions, utilizing the principles of special relativity. The correct formula for the relative speed is derived as u_{R} = u(2 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}})^{\frac{1}{2}}. The participant expresses confusion regarding the use of Inertial Reference Frames (IRFs) and the application of Lorentz Transformation Equations. A key takeaway is the importance of correctly selecting an IRF to simplify the analysis of relative velocities in two-dimensional motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of special relativity concepts, particularly Inertial Reference Frames (IRFs)
  • Familiarity with Lorentz Transformation Equations
  • Basic knowledge of velocity addition in the context of special relativity
  • Ability to apply Pythagorean theorem in two-dimensional motion
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the velocity addition formula in special relativity
  • Learn about the implications of Lorentz transformations on relative motion
  • Explore examples of relative velocity calculations in two-dimensional scenarios
  • Review the concept of gamma (Lorentz factor) and its application in relativistic physics
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those studying special relativity and its applications in particle motion analysis.

comwiz72
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Homework Statement



OK, we have started all this special relativity stuff, and I must admit I am confused, all this Inertial Reference Frame stuff :S

Here's the problem:
Two particles are fired at the same time from a point, with equal speed u, in orthogonal directions.

Show that the relative speed of one particle with respect to the other is:

u_{R} = u(2 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}})^{\frac{1}{2}}

Homework Equations



Lorentz Transformation Equations
The given solution

The Attempt at a Solution



OK, well what I have gathered is that I must pick for the observer a frame where one of the particles is at rest, right? And then I tried to transform the velocity of the other particle with respect to this one.
So I tried, using normal non-relativistic ideas, to obtain via Pythagoras the relative speed, which was \sqrt{2u^{2}}. Then I tried to operate using gamma on this velocity. However, it did not seem to get me anywhere :S
I'm bad at explaining this :S but I thought that maybe my problem was that I chose a frame which is at rest, but one particle is still moving inside the frame (?) if that makes any sense. The fact that the particles are in two dimensions is the confusion, I could calculate the relative velocity if they were in one axis just fine, my problem is this second direction.

Any guidance? I don't want the answer, that won't help me understand this tricky subject, just a little hint on all this I.R.F. stuff and what I've done wrong.
 
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Have you derived the rules for addition or subtraction of velocities? If you have, you need to make sure you understand them. If not, you are probably expected to simply plug into the formula for relative velocity calculation. No doubt, the formula itself will be found in your text.
 
Hmm, we didn't go over velocity sums in class, and i don't see any formula for it :S
 

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