Spherical pendulum confusion [Issue resolved]

AI Thread Summary
The discussion clarifies the meaning of the angle ##\phi## in the context of a spherical pendulum. It confirms that the x and y axes are indeed perpendicular, despite initial confusion from the diagram. The angle ##\phi## represents the azimuthal angle around the z-axis, defined as the angle between a line from the origin to a point in the horizontal x-y plane and the x-axis. This is consistent with standard spherical coordinates where the radius is constant. The explanation resolves the confusion regarding the diagram's representation.
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Homework Statement
Please see below.
Relevant Equations
##F_g = mg##
For this problem,

I am confused my what they mean by ##\phi##. I have looked at the figure, but it is confusing. Makes it look like the x-axis and y-axis are not perpendicular, even thought I'm assuming they are since this is a right handed coordinate system. Does someone please know what ##\phi## is in the diagram?

I propose a better diagram:


Any help greatly appreciated - Thanks!
 
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ChiralSuperfields said:
I am confused my what they mean by ##\phi##. I have looked at the figure, but it is confusing. Makes it look like the x-axis and y-axis are not perpendicular, even thought I'm assuming they are since this is a right handed coordinate system. Does someone please know what ##\phi## is in the diagram?
Yes, the x and y axes are perpendicular.

Imagine the position of the bob projected vertically upward to a point P in the horizontal x-y plane. The line from the origin through P is shown dotted in the diagram. ##\phi## is the angle between this line and the x-axis. ##\phi## is the "azimuthal" angle around the z-axis.
 
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This is just standard spherical coordinates with r = constant “l”.
 
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