Summation Equation Comparison: Spivak's Calculus Answer Book vs Speculation

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the summation equation presented in Spivak's Calculus Answer Book (3rd edition), specifically on page 17. The equation states that the sum over all pairs \(i \neq j\) can be expressed as \(2\sum_{i < j}(x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 + x_{j}^{2}y_{i}^2 - x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j})\). However, the user proposes an alternative formulation, suggesting that the correct expression should be \(\sum_{i < j}(x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 + x_{j}^{2}y_{i}^2 - 2x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j})\). The user suspects that the answer in the book is incorrect and provides reasoning based on the properties of summation.

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Homework Statement


The Spivak's Calculus Answer Book (3ed) states that, on page 17,

[itex]\sum_{i \neq j} (x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 - x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j}) = 2\sum_{i < j}(x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 + x_{j}^{2}y_{i}^2 - x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j})[/itex]

But as I speculate, I've got the following:

[itex]\sum_{i \neq j} (x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 - x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j}) = \sum_{i < j}(x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 + x_{j}^{2}y_{i}^2 - 2x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j})[/itex]

Could you check which is right?

Thanks.

Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution



[itex]\sum_{i \neq j} (x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 - x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j}) = \sum_{i < j}(x_{i}^{2}y_{j}^2 + x_{j}^{2}y_{i}^2 - 2x_{i}y_{i}x_{j}y_{j})[/itex]
 
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I suspect that the answer in the book is wrong.
You can easily write it out manually for i, j running through {1, 2}.

It's also possible to prove using
[tex]\sum_{i \neq j} a_{ij} = \sum_{i < j} a_{ij} + \sum_{i > j} a_{ij}[/tex]
where
[tex]\sum_{i > j} a_{ij} = \sum_{j > i} a_{ji} = \sum_{i < j} a_{ji}[/tex]
 

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