Superposition of Waves - Standing Waves

[GreenPrint]

Homework Statement

Consider a situation in which a wave is traveling in the negative x-direction encounters a barrier and is reflected. Assume an ideal situation in which none of the energy is lost on reflection nor absorbed by the transmitting medium. This permits us to write both waves with the same amplitude. I will represent these equations as

E_{1} = E_{0}sin(ωt + kx)
E_{2} = E_{0}sin(ωt - kx - θ_{R})

Here θ_{R} is included to account for possible phase shifts upon reflection. The resultant wave of the two waves can be represented as

E_{R} = E_{1} + E_{2} = E_{0}[sin(ωt + kx) + sin(ωt - kx - θ_{R})]

Next I make the substitution

β_{+} = ωt + kx and β_{+} = ωt - kx - θ_{R}

and employ the identity

sin(β_{+}) + sin(β_{-}) = 2sin(\frac{1}{2}(β_{+} + β_{-}))cos(\frac{1}{2}(β_{+} + β_{-}))

This yields

E_{R} = 2E_{0}cos(kx + \frac{θ_{R}}{2})sin(ωt - \frac{θ_{R}}{2})

Consider the situation in which a standing wave results when \frac{θ_{R}}{2} = \frac{∏}{2} and you get

E_{R} = 2E_{0}sin(kx)cos(ωt)

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

This is what my book claims. The only problem I have is that it looks like it made the substitution

sin(x - \frac{∏}{2}) = -cos(x) and cos(x - \frac{∏}{2}) = sin(x)

The problem is that when I make these substitutions I get

-2E_{0}sin(kx)cos(ωt)

I'm not exactly sure how it's supposed to be positive. Thanks for any help.

 

[Hollumber]

if cos(x-pi/2) = sin(x), what does cos(x+pi/2) equal?

 

[GreenPrint]

Oh wow. I can't believe I didn't see that thanks.