How Did Pre-Newtonian Heliocentrists Explain Gravity?

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SUMMARY

Pre-Newtonian heliocentrists, including philosophers like Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler, did not provide a coherent explanation for gravity, as their models did not position Earth at the center of the universe. Aristotle's geocentric view suggested that gravity was the result of objects seeking the Earth's center. The lack of a satisfactory explanation for gravity was not a failure of heliocentric thinkers but rather a reflection of the unsolved problems in their theories. Newton's law of universal gravitation later addressed these issues, restoring symmetry lost in earlier models.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Aristotelian physics
  • Familiarity with heliocentric and geocentric models
  • Knowledge of Newton's law of universal gravitation
  • Basic concepts of symmetry in scientific theories
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  • Research the historical context of Aristarchus's heliocentric model
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  • Examine the differences between geocentric and heliocentric perspectives on gravity
  • Explore the aesthetic and mathematical aspects of symmetry in physics
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Students of philosophy, historians of science, and anyone interested in the evolution of gravitational theories and their implications on our understanding of the universe.

windy miller
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As I understand Aristotle believed that gravity was caused by certain objects trying to find the centre of the universe which was of course at the centre of the Earth.
Newton gave us a better theory of gravity, but there were heliocentric philosophers before Newton. Not just Copernicus , Galileo and Kepler but going as far back as Aristarchus. So how did they explain gravity if Earth was not the centre?
 
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windy miller said:
So how did they explain gravity if Earth was not the centre?
They didn't. That's not a failure on their part - there are always unsolved problems at the edge of even the best theories, and that was one of their unsolved problems.

It's worth noting that the geocentric crowd didn't have an explanation of gravity either. It's just that in a geocentric view a mysterious force pulling things towards the center of the Earth is mysterious but not also offensive to our sense of symmetry, whereas in a non-geocentric view the the force is both mysterious and offensive to our sense of symmetry. It's not an accident that Newton's theory is often described as the the law of UNIVERSAL gravitation; and much of its aesthetic appeal comes because its universal nature recovers the symmetry that was lost when we abandoned the geocentric view.
 
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