To find the relative velocities of linear and circular motion

In summary, the conversation discusses finding the velocity of P relative to M and determining its maximum value. The mistake in assuming the maximum value occurs when cos(wt) = 0 and sin(wt) = 1 is identified and the correct answer of v = u - u/sqrt(2) is found. The relevant equation d=st is also mentioned.
  • #1
gnits
137
46
Homework Statement
To find relative velocities
Relevant Equations
d=st
Could I please ask for help regarding the final part of the following question:

ls.PNG

It is the very last part, to find v in terms of u.

So I have that the velocity of the midpoint of XY is:

V_m = (u/2) i + (u/2) j

I let the position vector of P be:

r_p = cos(wt) i + sin(wt) j

(w = angular velocity = v because v = rw and r = 1. So I am assuming that the particle is at (1,0) when t = 0)

Differentiating this gives the velocity of P as:

V_p = -w sin(wt) i + w cos(wt) j

And so the velocity of P relative to M is:

V_p - V_m = V_pm = (-w sin(wt) - u/2) i + (w cos(wt) - u/2) j

and so, the modulus of V_pm is given by:

|V_pm|^2 = w^2 (sin(wt))^2 + uw sin(wt) + u^2/4 + w^2 (cos(wt))^2 - uw cos(wt) + u^2/4

Which simplifies to:

|V_pm|^2 = w^2 + u^2/2 + uw (sin(wt) - cos(wt) )

This will be maximal when cos(wt) = 0 and sin(wt) = 1

Simplifying and substituting v for w, and replacing |V_pm| with u leads to:

v^2 + u^2/2 + uv = u^2

This does not lead to the provided answer of v = u - u/sqrt(2)

Thanks for any help,
Mitch.
 
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  • #2
gnits said:
Homework Statement:: To find relative velocities
Relevant Equations:: d=st

Could I please ask for help regarding the final part of the following question:

View attachment 264411

Which simplifies to:

|V_pm|^2 = w^2 + u^2/2 + uw (sin(wt) - cos(wt) )

This will be maximal when cos(wt) = 0 and sin(wt) = 1

This is the mistake.
 
  • #3
PeroK said:
This is the mistake.
Thanks for your reply, it helped me see my error.
I was indeed wrong to say that the max value will occur when cos(wt) = 0 and sin(wt) = 1
As I have the sum of three terms and the first two are positive, I will need to maximize the last term.
I wrongly stated this max as 1 but it is in fact sqrt(2)
This leads to the correct answer
Thanks again.
 
Last edited:

1. What is the difference between linear and circular motion?

Linear motion refers to the movement of an object along a straight path, while circular motion refers to the movement of an object along a curved path.

2. How do you calculate the relative velocity of linear and circular motion?

The relative velocity of linear and circular motion can be calculated by finding the vector sum of the linear velocity and the tangential velocity of the circular motion.

3. Can the relative velocity of linear and circular motion be negative?

Yes, the relative velocity can be negative if the linear and circular motions are in opposite directions.

4. How does the radius of the circular path affect the relative velocity?

The radius of the circular path affects the relative velocity by changing the magnitude of the tangential velocity. A smaller radius will result in a higher tangential velocity and a larger radius will result in a lower tangential velocity.

5. Is the relative velocity of linear and circular motion always constant?

No, the relative velocity of linear and circular motion can change if the linear or circular velocity changes. It will only remain constant if both velocities remain constant.

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