Torque and counterclockwise versus clockwise

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Determining whether motion is clockwise or counterclockwise in torque problems depends on the viewer's perspective. When analyzing a force acting perpendicularly to an axis, the direction of rotation can be identified by following the shortest line from the axis to the force's line of action; turning right indicates clockwise, while turning left indicates counterclockwise. There are no universal rules or equations for identifying torque direction; instead, drawing diagrams for each scenario is essential. Visualizing the forces at play helps clarify how they will affect the object's rotation. Understanding these principles is crucial for solving torque-related problems effectively.
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Homework Statement


How do I determine whether something will go counterclockwise or clockwise? I know the hands of the clock idea, but how do I know in a torque problem? Also, how do I know what force will bring something into equilibrium?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

 
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Madelin Pierce said:

Homework Statement


How do I determine whether something will go counterclockwise or clockwise? I know the hands of the clock idea, but how do I know in a torque problem? Also, how do I know what force will bring something into equilibrium?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

Whether a motion is clockwise or anticlockwise depends on the position of the viewer.
Suppose you are looking along an axis, and a force is acting perpendicularly to the axis, off to one side of it. Follow the shortest line from the axis to the line of action of the force, then turn in the direction of the force. If you turned right then it is clockwise, if left then anticlockwise.
If that does not answer your question, please post an example that is perplexing you.
 
As haruspex points out, you have to draw a diagram for each individual situation. There is no rule or equation which will tell you whether a torque is clockwise or counter clockwise. You have to draw a diagram with the forces, and then imagine which way a force is likely to turn the object. The point about which you are calculating the torque is imagined to be held fixed.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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