Isospin is a symmetry concept in nuclear physics that treats protons and neutrons similarly under the strong force, both having an isospin magnitude of ½. Protons are considered iso-spin up particles, while neutrons are iso-spin down particles. It is a conserved quantity, akin to angular momentum. For further understanding, it is recommended to explore additional resources online. Engaging with specific questions can enhance the discussion on this topic.
all i know is that it is nuclear spin and that it is a conserved quantity like angular momentum
well hmm nuclear spin. It is a symmetry concept, that the proton and the neutron are treated similar with respect to the strong force, so they both have magnitude of isospin: ½. And the proton is regarded as the iso-spin up particle of the nucleon, and neutron as the spin down of the nucleon.
But there is a lot out there on the internet, search and read and perhaps come back here if you have a specific question =)
Vacuum is used when generating bremsstrahlung rays because it:
Prevents scattering
Preserves phase coherence
Allows long acceleration distances
Maintains beam quality
Without these four, is it still possible to generate 100 MeV bremsstrahlung rays although the 100 MeV bremsstrahlung rays may be not as good as when using vacuum?