Understanding Steel Strength: How Does Steel Fail?

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    Metallurgy Steel
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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the mechanical properties of steel, specifically yield strength and tensile strength, and their implications for long-term use under repeated loads. The user inquires about the potential for permanent deformation, known as creep, when a stainless steel part is subjected to forces below its yield strength over extended periods. The consensus is that while creep is typically a concern at high temperatures, metal fatigue can occur with repeated loading below the yield point, particularly if the load is less than half of that yield strength. The user concludes that operating below half the yield point should mitigate concerns about deformation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of yield strength and tensile strength in materials science
  • Familiarity with the concepts of metal fatigue and creep
  • Basic knowledge of mechanical loading and deformation
  • Awareness of the properties of stainless steel, particularly grades 300 and 400
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  • Research the principles of metal fatigue and its impact on ductile materials
  • Study the effects of creep in materials at elevated temperatures
  • Explore the mechanical properties of stainless steel grades 300 and 400
  • Learn about design considerations for components subjected to repetitive loading
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Engineers, materials scientists, and designers involved in the selection and application of steel components, particularly in contexts where mechanical loading and long-term durability are critical.

pete
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I have a question about the nature of steel. As I understand it to measure the bending strength of a rod of steel there is the yield strength and the tensile strength. On a plotted line for the elastic modulus there is the elastic part to start. Anywhere on this part of the graph a load can be applied and the rod will deform a corresponding amount but return to it’s original position afterwards. After a certain amount of weight or force you hit the yield strength and the rod will no longer return to it’s original shape. There are some other ways to measure the strength of the rod but my question only refers, I think, to these two.
I have a stainless steel part, a 300 or possibly a 400 if needed and a load is being applied that is well below it’s yield strength. So every time the mechanism is activated the steel part transfers the load as it should. Under load it will bend a tiny amount then return to its original form. So according to this all I need to do is make it large enough to have it’s yield point above the force applied and it’ll work forever, but what if that force is applied for extend periods, like over night or repeatedly at a high frequency for years? If it’s below the yield point dose it make no difference? Or is there an accumulative strain that will eventually leave the part misshapen.
The force involved is pretty low, the part is 12mm by 10mm with a bolt being tightened by hand no more than 30mm from the fulcrum on the longest side. The part moves about 1mm then is braced but the space is tight and if the part was to bend over time about 2-3mm it would mean it no longer worked. This description isn't really really needed for the question but if it paints a picture maybe it’ll help.
 
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I'm not an expert but you might need to read up on creep. I believe this is permanent deformation at below the yield point over time?
 
If your load is well below the yield point, and at normal temperatures, then creep will not happen. Creep is normally a problem at high temperatures, such as in turbine blades.

A ductile metal part can fail when it is repeatedly loaded to below its yield point. This is called metal fatigue. Metal fatigue is an entire subject of its own, but if your repetitive load is less than about half the yield point, you should be good.
 
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Normal temps. I will read up on fatigue but for now less than half the yeild point puts my mind to rest. Thanks for the advice guys.
 

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