Understanding Zorn's Lemma and Its Implications in Vector Spaces

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Zorn's Lemma is invoked in the proof that every vector space has a basis, but there is confusion regarding its application to the natural numbers. The claim that the union of a chain of subsets, U, serves as an upper bound for C leads to the erroneous conclusion that the natural numbers possess a maximal element. Specifically, when considering an infinite chain of natural numbers, the sum A of the elements in C does not remain a natural number, contradicting the assumption. This highlights a critical misunderstanding of the conditions under which Zorn's Lemma applies. The discussion emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between finite and infinite cases in set theory and vector spaces.
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I was reading the proof that every Vector Space has a basis which invoked Zorn's Lemma. The proof can be found http://mathprelims.wordpress.com/2009/06/10/every-vector-space-has-a-basis/" .

Now I have an issue specifically with the claim that U := \bigcup_{S\in C}S is an upper bound for C. Applying the same idea as the proof, this seems to imply that the natural numbers has a maximal element. Let C be a chain of natural numbers and similarly let us define A:=\sum_{n\in C}n Then A\in \mathbb{N} and is an upper bound for C. Applying Zorn's lemma then implies that the naturals have a maximal element.

What exactly am I missing here?
 
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Yuqing said:
Let C be a chain of natural numbers and similarly let us define A:=\sum_{n\in C}n Then A\in \mathbb{N}
No it's not... (if C is infinite, anyways)
 
Here is a little puzzle from the book 100 Geometric Games by Pierre Berloquin. The side of a small square is one meter long and the side of a larger square one and a half meters long. One vertex of the large square is at the center of the small square. The side of the large square cuts two sides of the small square into one- third parts and two-thirds parts. What is the area where the squares overlap?

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