Uniformly magnetized sphere, calculate force between the hemispheres

  • Thread starter Thread starter fluidistic
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Force Sphere
Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the force between the hemispheres of a uniformly magnetized sphere with a magnetization vector ##\vec M=M_0\hat z##. The internal magnetic field is given by ##\vec B_{\text{int}}=\frac{2}{3}\mu _0 M_0 \hat z## and the internal magnetic field strength by ##\vec H_{\text{int}}=-\frac{1}{3} M_0 \hat z##. The Maxwell stress tensor is utilized to derive the force, with the relevant component calculated as ##\sigma_{zz}=\frac{M_0^2}{72\pi}##. The discussion emphasizes the need to define the area for integration to compute the total force acting on the zx-plane.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Maxwell stress tensor and its components
  • Familiarity with magnetic fields and magnetization concepts
  • Knowledge of integration techniques in vector calculus
  • Basic principles of electromagnetism
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of the Maxwell stress tensor in electromagnetic fields
  • Learn about the implications of magnetization in materials and its effects on forces
  • Explore integration techniques for calculating forces in continuous distributions
  • Research the properties of magnetic fields in uniformly magnetized objects
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics, particularly those specializing in electromagnetism, as well as engineers working with magnetic materials and forces.

fluidistic
Gold Member
Messages
3,932
Reaction score
283

Homework Statement


A uniformly magnetized sphere of radius R has a magnetization ##\vec M=M_0\hat z##. Calculate the force between the hemispheres whose contact surface is the zx plane. Indicate the direction of the force.

Homework Equations


Hints: ##\vec B_{\text{int}}=\frac{2}{3}\mu _0 M_0 \hat z##
##\vec H_{\text{int}}=-\frac{1}{3} M_0 \hat z##
##\Phi_{\text{ext}}=\frac{1}{3} M_0 R^3 \frac{\cos \theta}{r^2} \hat z##

The Attempt at a Solution


Not sure. Maybe using Maxwell stress tensor? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_stress_tensor

So that ##\sigma _{ij}=\frac{1}{4\pi}[E_iE_j+H_iH_j-\frac{1}{2}(E^2+H^2)\delta_{ij}]##.
In my case only ##\sigma_{zz}\neq 0##. I get ##\sigma_{zz}=\frac{M_0^2}{72\pi}##.
But I am utterly confused on what this value represents.
Wikipedia said:
The element ij of the Maxwell stress tensor has units of momentum per unit of area times time and gives the flux of momentum parallel to the ith axis crossing a surface normal to the jth axis (in the negative direction) per unit of time.

These units can also be seen as units of force per unit of area (negative pressure), and the ij element of the tensor can also be interpreted as the force parallel to the ith axis suffered by a surface normal to the jth axis per unit of area. Indeed the diagonal elements give the https://www.physicsforums.com/javascript:void(0) (pulling) acting on a differential area element normal to the corresponding axis. Unlike forces due to the pressure of an ideal gas, an area element in the electromagnetic field also feels a force in a direction that is not normal to the element. This shear is given by the off-diagonal elements of the stress tensor.
Bold emphasis mine. So apparently I get a force orthogonal to the zx plane? But I don't see any differential element, so how do I integrate this to get the total force?
Also something strange is that I didn't most of the formulae given as "hints".
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Physics news on Phys.org
You have to define the area over which you want to compute the force. Then you can integrate the total contribution to the force by integration over the area. In this case, your area should be all of the zx-plane.

Your conclusion that only the zz component of the stress tensor is zero is also incorrect (note the appearance of the Kronecker delta in the last term!).
 

Similar threads

Replies
6
Views
4K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
4K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
4K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K