Variation of EM radiation with frequency

In summary, we are given information about X-ray, visible-light, and radio pulses emitted by a pulsar that all arrive simultaneously at Earth with an uncertainty of only 200 microseconds. Using the fact that the pulsar is located 6000 light years away, we can estimate the maximum fractional difference in speed of electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of frequencies. This is done by considering the maximum potential difference of 400 microseconds between the slowest and fastest wave, based on the given constraints.
  • #1
Pushoam
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Homework Statement


X-ray pulses, visible-light pulses, and radio pulses (the latter corrected for dispersion in the interstellar plasma) emitted by an astronomical object called a “pulsar” are all observed to arrive simultaneously at the Earth — with an uncertainty of only 200 microseconds. The particular pulsar in question is located at a distance from the Earth of 6000 light years. Use this information to make a quantitative estimate of how much the speed of electromagnetic radiation can vary with frequency (or wavelength). Express your answer as a limit on the fractional difference in speed over this wide range of electromagnetic frequencies.

Homework Equations


The speed of light in vacuum is given by$$ c=\frac 1 {\sqrt{μ_ο ε_ο}} ,\tag{1}$$

and c=λϒ , where λ is the wavelength and ϒ is the frequency.

The Attempt at a Solution


The speed of electromagnetic radiation in vacuum is given by (1) and so it is constant. Then how can speed of electromagnetic radiation vary with frequency (or wavelength)?
I didn't get the question. Will you please clarify it?
 
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  • #2
Pushoam said:
and so it is constant
Suppose you claim it's not and want to investigate how much it can vary on the basis of the given 200 ##\mu##s in 6000 year. What's the maximum relative variation allowed by these constraints ?
 
  • #3
You could look at it like this. One wave is received with an uncertainty of +- 200 microseconds. A different measured wave is recorded as the same time, but it also has uncertainty of +-200 microseconds. So you have a potential difference of 400 microseconds between the slowest and fastest wave. This is the way that I interpret the problem statement.
 

1. What is the relationship between the frequency of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and its wavelength?

The frequency of EM radiation is inversely proportional to its wavelength. This means that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is described by the wave equation: c = λν, where c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and ν is the frequency.

2. How does the frequency of EM radiation affect its energy?

The frequency of EM radiation is directly proportional to its energy. This means that as the frequency increases, the energy of the radiation also increases. This relationship is described by the Planck-Einstein equation: E = hν, where E is the energy, h is the Planck constant, and ν is the frequency.

3. What is the electromagnetic spectrum and how does it relate to frequency?

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of EM radiation. It includes all types of radiation, from low frequency radio waves to high frequency gamma rays. The frequency of EM radiation determines where it falls on the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, radio waves have lower frequencies than visible light, and X-rays have higher frequencies than visible light.

4. How does the variation of EM radiation with frequency impact its interaction with matter?

The variation of EM radiation with frequency plays a crucial role in its interactions with matter. Higher frequency radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, have more energy and can penetrate through materials more easily, making them useful for medical imaging and treating cancer. Lower frequency radiation, such as radio waves, is better at passing through obstacles and is used for communication.

5. How does the variation of EM radiation with frequency affect its role in the universe?

The variation of EM radiation with frequency is essential for understanding the role of EM radiation in the universe. Different frequencies of radiation are emitted by different processes, giving us a window into the physical properties and processes of celestial objects. For example, visible light is emitted by stars, while radio waves are emitted by galaxies and black holes.

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