Voltmeter Use in Circuits: Parallel vs Series

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Why does a voltmeter have to be in parrallel? Why not series?
 
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Because a voltmeter measures a potential difference. A difference can only be measured if you have two things to compare. So the voltmeter must be connected to the two points whose potential you wish to compare.
 
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I was using the Smith chart to determine the input impedance of a transmission line that has a reflection from the load. One can do this if one knows the characteristic impedance Zo, the degree of mismatch of the load ZL and the length of the transmission line in wavelengths. However, my question is: Consider the input impedance of a wave which appears back at the source after reflection from the load and has traveled for some fraction of a wavelength. The impedance of this wave as it...
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