Was Space Present Before the Big Bang or Did It Expand with the Universe?

[RingoKid]

Chronos...current M theory would have universes as rippling bubbles floating and interacting in the 11th dimension

I would also have them inside each other

Imagine, if you will bubbles...
expanding as they float around
bumping into other bubbles
and inside of these bubbles
is another bubble expanding
and so on...

...and if all these bubbles
made a musical note,
as they bumped and merged
and expanded,
they created chords and melodies
and so on...

Here's something to think about assuming we are a sphere within a sphere..etc

What if the universe is expanding faster again by repulsion/attraction of a parallel universe. Does that mean another brane collision is imminent from the leading or trailing edge of our bubble skin and will it open up new dimensions or obliterate our universe ?

will we even be conscious of it if say we are transformed into a higher or lower plane existence...ie the energy powering us/our fundamental string building blocks as individuals gets reconstituted so that in the new post brane collision universe i get transmuted into a rock or an enlightened entity that no longer needs a physical presence to justify it's existence ?

reincarnation, nirvana anybody ?

 

[Phobos]

-- mentor hat --

Let's try to keep this topic based on the Big Bang model (including appropriate modifications such as inflation theory), which was the context of the original question.

Discussions of string/M theory can be held in that forum and you can post a link here to that sidebar discussion.

thanks

 

[Phobos]

My goodness, but the forum has suddenly erupted with dialectic on ideas in the expansion of space and hyperspheres. I am humbled by the profundity of thought. Then, too, I almost feel grateful that I cannot visualize the mathematical formulae as applied to the quantum physics required to dialogue on these theorum. I trust you will forgive my limited capacity for comprehending the exactitude of the science behind your ruminations, but I would appreciate continuing in this forum, if only to attempt receiving a glimpse of the far-flung territory you are covering in these debates.

Don't even worry about it. Physics Forums is open to anyone of any technical level who wishes to discuss scientific topics. Our members include high school students with casual interests in science as well as college professors and professional scientists/engineers. Welcome.

 

[4newton]

Phobos Thank you, for responding

BBT does not speak of an outward expansion. It's more like the points in the universe are getting farther apart from each other.

If you accept the idea of a Big Bang and we accept the Big Bang as a fact based on the background radiation. You then observe all the points of the universe moving away from each other. Distant objects = points and red shift = moving away, then you must reconcile the mechanisms that results in the two sets of facts.

It is then possible to make an intuitive leap from other observation in nature.

In an explosion, something like a Big Bang, it is noted that all the material in the explosion is sent out in all direction from the center of the explosion. It is also noted that the various components of the explosion form a sphere as they move out from the center and the components have increasing distance between them as they move out.

It is then reasonable to accept this as the mechanism of the universe BB. Checking this idea with the facts we find no conflict. This then adds support to the BB theory and the concept of all the components of the BB moving outward in all directions and forming a spherical construct of the resulting components.

Having at this time no extended understanding of dimensions we question our knowledge of a spherical surface and our universe. We find a conflict with the two. The spherical surface is two-dimensional and the universe is three-dimensional. The solution was simple. We just allow three-dimensional surfaces. This is a hypersphere with all the components, objects in the universe, moving out from the BB resulting in points getting farther apart.

description of this other dimension as Time sounds better.

You are right. I did not intend to give the idea that the expansion outward from the BB was a spatial dimension. My intent was to state that the dimension of the expansion outward from the BB was a different dimension and then later show that this dimension fits the observation of time and the time dimension.

It's the maximum rate of motion through space, not the maximum rate of the expansion of space. (e.g., the early inflationary period)

I agree that the only observation to date is the maximum transition in the spatial dimension. I did not go into inflation at this time and I think it is best to address this at a later time.

Are you referring to the Hubble Constant (our observed expansion of space) or the expansion of the hypersphere you describe away from its center?

I am referring to the expansion outward from the BB not (our observed expansion of space)

The expansion outward from the BB is of course related to expansion of space. Just as the distance from the center of a balloon to the surface is related to the distance around the balloon. In the same way there is no material of the balloon at the center of the balloon just as there is no material of our universe back at the center where the universe started.

This relationship tells us that the transition outward from the center of the BB cannot exceed the rate of any transition observed in the sphere of the universe.

 

[4newton]

Harveyf thank you for your response. I am now finding your posting and the posting of many others the exchange of ideas I had hoped for on this forum.

I've been able to exclude such (religious interpretation) mythology from the reality of existence, and time and space.

If you stay around for many of the ideas you may need to change you mind.

I have found that free will is the first law of nature. To prove this just talk to anyone and you will find that it is natural to believe against facts. You will also find that no overwhelming fact will convince anyone of the existence or non-existence of God. You will find however that if you believe you will find support and if you don’t have faith you will also find support in physics. Who but God could design a universe that allows this freedom. Of course you may reject that idea.

if there ever was a BB [like it appears there was], cannot the universal space accommodating it be created simultaneously?

Yes your thought is a possibility, but because the number of possibilities are infinite without some thread of connection to reality it will lead no where.

The only relationship I can see to this as a part of creation is in the negative. If physics and nature has told us anything about God and creation is that he does not do direct creation on the large scale. All things seem to flow from a grand plan.

If, as you intimate, the "red shift" is indicative of material within the universe increasing its velocity away from the "core" of where a BB might have originated [for whatever reason], what might be the ultimate destiny of matter within this reality

Because of the direction you are coming from it may help if you think of the process in this manner.
From the eternal ALL the Creator, God, induces an energy differential. This may have been one pulse or it could be a continuing number of cycles. We at this time have no way of knowing. We only know that there was at least one pulse.

The reason may be as simple as God wanting us to (Know, Love, and serve God.). This I see you doing by being on this forum. If you learn about God’s creation you are trying to know Him. You seem to have a mild and kind manner. Which could indicate that you love God. The first two indicate that you are doing the last.

The ultimate destiny is for the energy to fade away into the ALL and to last forever with a record of out deeds.

who is to say that even this mind might not succeed in contributing something new to the equation of the why and wherefore of creation? With respect, and in friendship.

I think you have much more to contribute then you realize. You already have my respect and I do extend my friendship.

 

[4newton]

John thanks you for your response.

The one-radian idea was murky. I didn’t bother to understand it. I did ACCEPT IT and pursued a model where light can only travel 60 degrees (or so) around the surface of the expanding bubble. It never really worked in my head, but I didn’t get uptight.

If you consider the concept in its simple form you may eliminate all but two dimensions and look at a circle. An expanding circle has a radius that is increasing as the circumference is also increasing. Two points on the circle one-radian apart are increasing their distance at the same rate as the radius is increasing.

Redshift is an indicator of the rate of change between two points. If the radius is increasing at a rate equal to the speed of light then two points on the circle that are one-radian apart will be moving apart at a rate equal to the speed of light. Any light going between the two points will never arrive because they a separating at the same rate that the light is traveling. Also the redshift of the light going between the two points has a frequency shift down to zero. You therefore are unable to see anything beyond one-radian around the circle or in the case of the universe one-radian in any direction.

As for red shift going to 0 at one radian: I believe light has the ability to go around and around the expanding bubble. But we see light that was given off at an earlier time, which means the bubble was smaller then, so the light has followed a spiral path to get to us. It doesn’t matter how many times it has spiraled around.

If the transition outward from the BB is at a rate equal to the speed of light, as stated above, then the light from distant objects can only be seen up to one-radian. Observation indicates that redshift for distant objects are in the range close to the speed of light and the z for the background radiation is equal to about 1100. Also if light could go around and around many times you would see the background radiation repeat at a lower frequency each time it went around.

Your observation of the light traveling in a spiral is correct and is the current cause for the dark energy theory. The cause of the redshift not being linear with increasing distance is because the light must travel the circumference of the sphere of the universe compared to the straight line of the transition outward from the BB. This is being interpreted as an accelerating expansion of the universe instead of a correction of the geometry.

 

[4newton]

RingoKid

universe trapped between a leading edge brane and a trailing edge brane thus resembling a universe embedded in a bubble skin 13.7 billion light years thick...ie, seemingly the time it takes for a photon to travel in a straight line between the two branes

Strings and super strings are only a question of dimensional view of matter, forces, and energy and I don’t think they warrant being extended to branes and the construct of the universe. I think this should be a topic of (mass, gravity, and charge) and belongs in the physics area.

 

[John]

In this thread we think it is expanding like a balloon that is being blown up. And science knows the galaxies are accelerating away from each other. I think I can show it is expanding like a balloon, due to the fact the expansion is speeding up.

If you draw galaxies on a balloon, and blow it up at a slightly decelerating rate, as if gravity is gradually slowing it down: you have a picture of how we used to think the universe was expanding.

The galaxies you draw on the balloon would all be getting farther away from each other at the proper rate as you blow up the balloon. It all works smoothly and simply, but a problem is, the galaxies you drew on the balloon would also be getting bigger in size as the balloon expands. If you were to keep erasing the galaxies and making them smaller as the balloon expands, so that the galaxies you drew remain the same size on the surface of the expanding balloon, then you are adding space at a faster rate than the balloon is expanding.

Now the galaxies would be accelerating away from each other.

(I don't think the universe is expanding at the speed of light.)

If a galaxy gives off its light and the light chases around the expanding balloon of space, it might miss us several times, or we see it in a different place, then we see the galaxy's light after it has spiraled around several times, and it has a greater red shift because it is father away in time. Actually we have accelerated away from the light of that galaxy. We are going faster now relative to when it gave off its light.

 

[John]

This model brings up some interesting points on the original question of, What is space?

Is space just there? Or is it a vibrant thing like the surface of an expanding balloon? If the galaxies are accelerating, that says space is a thing that is expanding along with them, but at a slightly different rate.

 

[Harveyf]

When I began to think along these lines which John is alluding to [the fabric of space itself being created, but at a different rate of expansion than the material contained within it], I thought [almost sixty summers ago] the process itself as so outrageous a concept that the suggestion of spatial expansion, and material expansion simultaneously became an intellectually acceptable hypothesis. When you initially consider a "spatial container" of "empty," if you will, "waiting" for that "pulse" of matter to explode within it, "meaning" of "empty" loses relevance, but if you opt for not "empty," but " nothing" [no thing], rather than "empty" as existent [meaning, that you cannot express the "no thing" in rational terms - for "empty" connotes potential], it becomes "fairly" reasonable to begin the hypothesis with "there was this nothing," which cannot be defined nor expressed, from which "something" became; what this "something" was, was a spatial "empty" containing the prerequisites for a BB, which eventually became matter with which to fill the big "empty." As the matter expanded, so did the big "empty" to accommodate its expansion...but not like the balloon analogy which, as was correctly pointed out, would have the dots [galaxies] requiring erasure and reconstruction to fit the model [or balloon's peripheral surface]. And having just read my submission over, I think I need a headache powder...

 

[John]

60 summers was a long time ago to start thinking about that!

I asked a similar question sometime in the mid-eighties, What if space is made of literal points? What if things move from point to point? The points had to have distance between them, and by manipulating the distance between points you could curve, compress, and stretch space; causing objects to curve, slow down, or speed up, which is what gravity does to objects. The problem was, the points with distance between them could only line up in six directions. I became aware of string theory and it has six underlying spatial dimensions. String theory makes sure points never touch each other. My points that had distance between them could only line up in six directions. I knew at that time my ideas were right.

By that time I had constructed a lot of scenarios for what space is. Everything seemed to work. Now we have discovered the galaxies are acellerating away from each other. Scientist have a few theories that throw the classic ideas of mass and momentum out the window and introduce vacuum bubbles and a lot of other stuff. How else could they be accelerating?

My idea that space is something which is expanding, and the galaxies are something else that is expanding easily gives us galaxies that are accelerating away from each other without changing the laws of momentum, since they are both expanding according to the same laws of momentum but they have different mass qualities. Space is much lighter so it would slow down sooner, causing the galaxies to appear to be accelerating.

 

[Harveyf]

Forgive me if I'm misinterpreting what you're saying, but it appears we're [sort of] in agreement on simultaneous spatial expansion and galactic expansion; n'est pas?

 

[4newton]

Chronos

The universe is not spherical. That is an urban legend. There is no observational evidence it is composed of spheres surrounded by spheres, or anything resembling that. If you boil that concept down, you end up asserting there is a preferred reference frame. That is not consistent with current theory.

You seem to ignore a lot of observations.

It would help if you explain how you disregard the Big Bang and expansion.

I don’t think that there is any question that if there was a BB then you have a reference point for the rest of the universe. True you have no absolute location for the BB.

However if the BB is point zero you may then state that the Earth is a measurable distance from the BB.

If the expansion outward from the BB is time and the expansion is equal to the speed of light then the units may be years and in this case is the same as light years. Again remember this is not a spatial dimension.

You may then pick any two objects with a line drawn between them as reference zero. All location can then be stated as time T from the BB and angle from the two objects. A line drawn between the two objects is used as an angle reference. The location of any objects can be stated as T, the distance outward from the BB, and angel 0-360 perpendicular and 0-360 parallel to the line drawn between the two objects.

Our physical senses tell us when we are in the zero reference frame of acceleration. I don’t know anyone that can not tell the difference.

Current theory does not state that there is no zero reference frame for velocity it just says that you may not be able to know when you are at zero velocity.

 

[Chronos]

The most polite response I can give is, bull. Your 'reference frame' does not exist. You are ignoring the most fundamental laws of physics, and have no clue about the math involved. Get a textbook, learn basic physics, and I will be glad to discuss your questions. Till then, don't try to impress us with your lack of knowledge.

 

[John]

I started working on an "absolute reference frame" model in about 1984, and was surprised when I learned about string theory to find the whole thing was just like string theory, which I was too dumb to know about when I started thinking about a hard, absolute physical model. Now, whenever I tell learned people about all the correlations, they are unimpressed and they all give the same answer. There is no reference frame.

True, there is not one reference frame, there are two. There is the reference frame that the reference fame was built on, like a Big Bang that exploded points out and made space, you have it expanding outward from a particular point. Then we have the reference frame in which a hollow expanding shell of points appears to be a vast empty space.

I think scholars don't like the fact that God was making it look one way but it really looked a different way. They have to get to their answers in one step. When that doesn't happen, they say, "If you are smart you realize there is no reference frame", which is very similar to saying "Pure logic doesn't work, and there is no God creating or pulling levers."

But there is the universe as seen from God's point of view, and the one we're inside seen from our point of view. String theory mathematically solves the riddle that connects the two, and the mystery answer is points that have distance between them.

You can imagine a space made of infinite points where you can go from point to point in infinite diretions. But if you create a physical space made of actual physical points that have distance between their centers, because they are physical things, like stacking cannon balls, they can only line up in six directions. You can go in any direction, but the points inside of you have to zigzag through the underlying structure, which is why we and everything physical are made of point particles flying around.

 

[4newton]

Chronos

The most polite response I can give is, bull. Your 'reference frame' does not exist. You are ignoring the most fundamental laws of physics, and have no clue about the math involved. Get a textbook, learn basic physics, and I will be glad to discuss your questions. Till then, don't try to impress us with your lack of knowledge.

I am sorry if you are lost in any of these concepts.

If the textbooks you have answer all the questions under consideration please let me know where I am wrong.

You have the advantage. I do not know the Chronos laws of physics, religion, or what ever.

As anyone can see there is nothing here to impress anyone. I present only a concept and I am looking for honest criticism. No way do I think I have all the answers. If you have some idea that better explains the observations or if you think the line of logic is faulty please state so. If you know that the concept is not in line with observation I look forward to you correcting my mistakes. I have no problem revising any idea.

Don’t get so up tight.

 

[Chronos]

Chronos


I am sorry if you are lost in any of these concepts.

If the textbooks you have answer all the questions under consideration please let me know where I am wrong.

You have the advantage. I do not know the Chronos laws of physics, religion, or what ever.

As anyone can see there is nothing here to impress anyone. I present only a concept and I am looking for honest criticism. No way do I think I have all the answers. If you have some idea that better explains the observations or if you think the line of logic is faulty please state so. If you know that the concept is not in line with observation I look forward to you correcting my mistakes. I have no problem revising any idea.

Don’t get so up tight.

Apologies. My comments were rude and really unwarranted. I get impatient at times. There are no answers, just questions. I will gladly discuss those with you and try my best to keep it dignified.

 

[RingoKid]

OK so I read the first post and here's my answer

Nothing is perfect
in the space where nothing exists
will one find perfection
the perfect nothing

seek

It implies the search for space, nothing, creation, evolution and the rlation between them all and it's something i came up with quite a few years ago

along with this

Accept NOTHING as fact
question everything
determine your own truth
define YOUR own reality

but on the understanding that absolute truth and reality lies outside of our direct comprehension

On topic...

personally i don't have a problem with post Planck size big bang theory as being the process by which the universe attained it's current size if it works. I don't have a problem with a variation of steady state banging away at the leading edge creating spacetime and coverting "the negaverse'" to matter/energy either. I don't have a problem visualising the edges of the hypersphere as branes of a bubble skin expanding at different rates and separting alternate universes

I don't see where the conflict lies in trying to keep cosmology theories in their respective compartments, perhaps it would help if i knew what i was talking about beyond a laymans understanding but I actually find it helps inspire others thoughts more if i don't know what I'm on about, and as such do not feel constrained to conform to current physics dogma.

cheers

BTW I am not Peter Lynds but I am from New Zealand

 

[Chronos]

Ringo, I owe you an apology as well. My physics come from observation and what I think is physics. I am mathematically contained by the Lorentz invariant part of Einstein's version of relativity. His math is compelling... would you not agree? Propose an experiment that violates relativity. Einstein, himself, tossed that guantlet down to to the scientific community. Relativity has withstood every test devised to dispute it.

 

[turbo]

Since this thread has veered into philosophical grounds a few times I thought you participants would appreciate this link. Just scroll to the bottom of the page for the links to papers regarding physics.

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/view/subjects/

 

[4newton]

Chronos I know how you feel. I feel the same way when people do not see things the way I see them. I then need to force myself to remember that they may have a valid point. I also admit that some times I can not see their point of view because I am biased of blinded by my view.

The reason I have moved away from SR is that the theory is contained and is unable to provide a path to the Big Bang BB and the observational expansion of the universe. SR has no concept of time it self or of dimensions. I do not see very many conflicts with SR in the concepts I have presented. If you look close at SR it does not deny a zero reference frame of motion it only states that a ZRF is not needed. The not needed has been extended by most, as there can not be. If my ideas are in error I would be happy if you could point this out to me. Please don’t just make the statement that I am wrong. Give me the reason my thought is wrong. Let me learn your view.

Thank you for being on line. I have found that your thoughts have required me to review my point of view many times. I would like it if we could find more common ground and resolve some of our disagreements.

 

[RingoKid]

...no apology needed Chronos. I take no offense for anything posted on the net.

With regards to your challenge. I don't think I could propose an experiment verifiable within our 3+1 d universe.

As the frame of reference required to prove it lies outside the universe, inside points of spacetime and wrapped up in hidden dimensions.

I don't know maybe jumping into a black hole or getting to the edge of the visible universe might be a good place to try. I'd imagine an object visible in the event horizon of a BH from our frame of reference would also be visible at a point on the edge of the expanding universe before it gets annihilated and reconstituted. Does that violate relativity or am i showing complete ignorance again ?

check my "wave of thought" or "strings and brane shapes" thread in the strings section it kind of qualifies what i believe a little. I would appreciate some feedback there though.

Cheers

 

[John]

Lorentz covariant

I didn't realize until now that Relativity is based on the idea of something affected by two reference frames. I have this interesting, simple physical model that has the two reference frames as one of its features. There is the reference frame we see, and the reference frame that causes what we see. I now see that is the same as Relativity. Now I see that Einstein, and his girlfriend, were trying to explain things that were really happening in experiments. In my model, atoms change shape (contract, expand) because of the space around them. That contraction causes both gravity and momentum in objects to work.

I pursued this model of a universe made out of physical points of matter. I figured out how things move through that sea of matter.

I thought Einstein arrived at the idea of contraction through math. But it was an unexplained phenomena that was in an experiment! All of Relativity was apparently based on that experiment. In my model I realized things had to expand on one side and contract on the other as they got faster, in order to maintain constant momentum while traversing a sea of matter, which we call space.

This contraction/expansion of molecules is also what causes gravity to work. There is a test of my ideas. I believe the neutrons cause molecules to change their shape. Therefore neutrons cause gravity. Hydrogen doesn't have neutrons, and hydrogen clouds in space which maintain their shape for centuries don't appear to have any gravity. Hydrogen also doesn't appear to have any momentum. The explosion of a star goes out into space then stops. It doesn't dissipate nor does it collapse back.

 

[magus niche]

hmmm..

hey people, I have been most entertained by the discussions on this forum. as a first timer (and certainly not an academic mathematician but an academic none the less), i find some consistencies and predictable contradictions among the many posts. But again excuse my ignorance if applicable

BIG BANG: i have always aligned myself with the notion that an event by which everything is spontaneously manifested is modeled on a very western linear rationale, proposing time as having a beginning and therefore an end. I am not saying that this is not correct, but simply observing human theorising. Our brains are seemingly infinite in there idea constructing, what makes everyone seem to think the universe is not working in a similar way: infinitely complex chaos being ordered by random (maybe willful) actions?

SHAPE OF UNIVERSE: ok, people keep referring to to the OBSERVABLE universe, observable by what? Our seemingly limited sensory organs that zoom in on SELECTED details? Or maybe our observations are based on technological feats such as telescopes or microscopes, both of which we, as human beings, have constructed to fulfill our own desires to understand this mysterious thing we call reality. Tools (technology) have been one of human beings' greatest achievements, don't get me wrong, but sometimes i just think we need to remember that they based on our own constantly developing understanding of light, lenses etc. and not some universally profound higher knowledge.

To bring this discussion slightly down to Earth (i wouldn't want to burst any infinitely expanding bubbles ) i pose this question which will probably seem ignorant to the maths inclined: how can we trust observations through our eyes or through the lenses of telescopes (radio, x-ray or whatever) concerning the beginning of space and time, when we are on a planet that seems to be rotating around its own axis, its own star, around its own spiral galaxy? all this movement seems to point towards some extremely large distortions of evidence.

ps. if this question is completely off the topic, i don't blame anyone for not answering...
cheers

 

[Chronos]

Modern, mainstream theory is based on relativity and a background independent reference frame. That is to say the results of experiments will be identical.. no matter what speed, or direction, you travel compared to anything else. More importantly, it says the results will always be the same. Time and space may bend, shrink or contract by their perspective, but, never by yours.

 

[Phobos]

Welcome to Physics Forums, magus niche!

BIG BANG: i have always aligned myself with the notion that an event by which everything is spontaneously manifested is modeled on a very western linear rationale, proposing time as having a beginning and therefore an end. I am not saying that this is not correct, but simply observing human theorising. Our brains are seemingly infinite in there idea constructing, what makes everyone seem to think the universe is not working in a similar way: infinitely complex chaos being ordered by random (maybe willful) actions?

Given the many different creation myths around the world, the western mind is not the only one that likes beginnings & ends. Perhaps it's a hardwired human trait.

From scientific studies, we get the Big Bang model which shows that the universe had a beginning but will not have an end (other than an end in the sense of all matter falling apart...but spacetime goes on). If you pop over to the String Theory forum, you'll probably find some discussions of potential pre-Big Bang time (whatever that means) which may hint at an infinite timeline in the past too.

SHAPE OF UNIVERSE: ok, people keep referring to to the OBSERVABLE universe, observable by what? Our seemingly limited sensory organs that zoom in on SELECTED details?

The observable universe means the portion of the universe that is within our field of view based on the finite speed of light and the age of the universe. Since the universe is about 13.7 billion years old, we have the potential to see things up to 13.7 billion light years away (ok, I'm simplifying here). For anything further than that, the light has not had time to reach us.

So, it doesn't mean the portion we can detect (and we know that we can't detect a whole bunch of stuff within the observable universe...like dark matter).

Tools (technology) have been one of human beings' greatest achievements, don't get me wrong, but sometimes i just think we need to remember that they based on our own constantly developing understanding of light, lenses etc. and not some universally profound higher knowledge.

Certainly.

how can we trust observations through our eyes or through the lenses of telescopes (radio, x-ray or whatever) concerning the beginning of space and time, when we are on a planet that seems to be rotating around its own axis, its own star, around its own spiral galaxy? all this movement seems to point towards some extremely large distortions of evidence.

Astronomers are aware of all that motion and they take it into account as best they can when they do their calculations (e.g., doppler shift of lightwaves, rotating a telescope at the same rate to cancel out the effect of relative lateral motion, etc.)

Anyway, rest assured that cosmologists readily admit that we have a lot to learn still about the universe!

 

[Nereid]

I didn't realize until now that Relativity is based on the idea of something affected by two reference frames. I have this interesting, simple physical model that has the two reference frames as one of its features. There is the reference frame we see, and the reference frame that causes what we see. I now see that is the same as Relativity. Now I see that Einstein, and his girlfriend, were trying to explain things that were really happening in experiments. In my model, atoms change shape (contract, expand) because of the space around them. That contraction causes both gravity and momentum in objects to work.

I pursued this model of a universe made out of physical points of matter. I figured out how things move through that sea of matter.

I thought Einstein arrived at the idea of contraction through math. But it was an unexplained phenomena that was in an experiment! All of Relativity was apparently based on that experiment. In my model I realized things had to expand on one side and contract on the other as they got faster, in order to maintain constant momentum while traversing a sea of matter, which we call space.

This contraction/expansion of molecules is also what causes gravity to work. There is a test of my ideas. I believe the neutrons cause molecules to change their shape. Therefore neutrons cause gravity. Hydrogen doesn't have neutrons, and hydrogen clouds in space which maintain their shape for centuries don't appear to have any gravity. Hydrogen also doesn't appear to have any momentum. The explosion of a star goes out into space then stops. It doesn't dissipate nor does it collapse back.

These ideas are pretty easy - in principle! - to test John, and AFAIK hydrogen has mass, and is 'affected by gravity'. For example, the Sun's mass has been measured to several decimal places; models of the Sun, built with theories in which mass causes gravity (whether the mass is H, D, He, or pure neutrons) are consistent with observations.

You mention that you think neutrons cause molecules to change their shape - how? in what ways? can you point to experiments which have found that the addition of neutrons to an atomic species in a molecule results in changes in the shape of that molecule? Perhaps water - if it is D₂O instead ('heavy water'), will its shape be different? What about if the O is ¹⁸O instead of ¹⁶O?

 

[John]

The same mechanism that produces gravity produces mass in large objects. You can't measure the mass of the sun and say its mass is not equal to its gravity, therefore I am wrong. Mass in large objects and gravity are always going to be equivalent.

The thing you can do is measure the mass of Jupiter. Its mass is about five times that of Earth according to my merky memory. Then say, "What? Jupitor is only five times heavier than earth?" That doesn't seem right! All the figures are right. It projects that much gravity and its mass is exactly equivalent to its gravity, but it is not as much heavier than Earth as we would expect, considering its size. Jupiter is mostly hydrogen.

The hydrogen doesn't seem to be registering as much mass as it should, considering the size of Jupiter.

The sun is also different. It is a nuclear reaction in progress. You can't really say it is hydrogen. It is hydrogen being torn apart, and the hydrogen is becoming a form of neutrons. Neutrons produce gravity, I say. Neutrons are also instrumental in producing mass in large objects. So I say both gravity and mass are from neutrons.

We can't take the particles inside an atom, add up their weights and get its mass; for a lot of reasons, dark matter is one of them, and when you examine closely it seems that hydrogen, which should be registering, isn't really registering.

I developed a mecahnism for how mass does work. The faster you push something the more it contracts. In my model it just did. I didn't know that was the basic idea behind Relativity. That contraction causes it to maintain a consistent speed through a space that is more like a sea with waves than a empty expanse.

 

[magus niche]

stuff

cheers phobos for your response! this forum gets me thinking a lot, and i am curious to know the relevance of knowledge of things so far away that we cannot observe them. i suppose i ask myself similar qusetions about knowledge concerning the mind and other subjects that are difficult to ponder upon. As a visual artist and musician i am starting to view my place in the world as a 'medium' between the everyday practical, and the eternally ethereal. I believe in questioning everything. Not doubting everything, but believing in everything, sort of.

To me it seems that the universe is infinite and in balance between chaos and order, but how about the planet we live on? i suppose what i am getting at is maybe there are links to be made between the stars and atoms and one should always be looking for similarities between the macro AND the micro AND everything in between. but that isn't the astrophysicist's job though i suppose...

to continue my thinking out aloud: what gives the human being the right to define boundaries based on generalisations? do i or anyone else have the right not to consider say, a cell, as a universe, or maybe the human body? hmm... interesting...

these correlations have been made for thousands of years by mystics in various cultures around the world. its curious that specific sciences and disciplines 'zoom in' to various details without thinking about the overall relevance to life on planet Earth (which we are only one small part). i am not pointing a finger to anyone in particular (in fact these discussions give me confidence that there is a lot of speculating going on) but does anyone see my point?

catchya

 

[Chronos]

Your point is not supported by facts in evidence. Modern science is very good and has a lot of observational evidence in support. It is not speculative and it is not arbitrary. Just because you don't like some of it does not make it wrong. Join the crowd, there are many who do not like the implications. You are entitled to question theory, but, it is entirely wrong to question observation: unless the observation is in error. You don't have to take my word for it, but, observational evidence gets pounded before it gets published. Anymore, most writers routinely quantify the uncertainty in their results.

 

[Harveyf]

I must agree with Chronos on observational evidence as opposed to conjecture. As my life ticks by, I am confronted daily with the marvelous human mind coming up with alternative explanations to observational realities. The universe exhibits its presence to me in absolute terms. Although I am ignorant of the processes involved in its origins and maintenance, I am subjected to the reality of its existence by the senses I am endowed with in my evolutionary development. I am aware of what I am looking at: Space, Time, Matter, and my participation in that reality, until such a moment when I reach a state of immateriality. All else is conjecture, and flights of fancy, until hard evidence reveals an alternative truth to what my senses reveal as positive. As to where black holes empty into, or the singularity produced by gravity wells, various dimensions of being, and super strings of creation; all of these high-minded subjects cannot increase [or decrease] the certainty of what my senses perceive of what is "out there." I may never grasp the concepts created by the laws and disciplines of physical science; I am, after all, just a creature of philosophical romanticism, but I am always open to the dialogue [and dialectic] which produces the excitement of new ideas, and alternative evidentiaries which keep moving my species towards a greater understanding of the observational reality of "what is!"
Harveyf

 

[magus niche]

absolutely: observation is all we can really go by i suppose, just keeping you on you're toes, not floating in space - it's not a race.

to dismiss the mind and it's inherent biases would be a big mistake, would you not agree? and how do we map this enigmatic entity? probably the same way we mapped the physical world: reductive generalisations, but ones we seem destined to make.

isn't the world a magic place? confusingly beautiful and simply infinite. anyway i'll cruise over to the less physical forums and leave you in peace...

 

[Harveyf]

Not at all, Magus; happy to receive your response - nothing like parallel wavelengths to make the conversation stimulating. Where, exactly, is the "less physical" forum you allude to? Perhaps I'll stroll over and see what's cooking.
Harveyf

 

[magus niche]

check out philosophy:metaphysics, for a range of views on existence. cheers see you round