Waste-to-energy question (not homework)

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the energy dynamics of waste-to-energy processes, specifically whether the energy produced from burning waste exceeds the energy required to convert the waste into ash. Participants explore the implications of energy conservation in this context, examining various materials and combustion processes.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if it is possible to produce more energy from burning trash than the energy needed to vaporize it into ash, using a hypothetical example of energy values.
  • Another participant suggests that the energy output may depend on the composition of the trash, particularly the presence of noncombustibles like water and metal.
  • There is a discussion about the need to define what "trash" means in this context, as well as the terminology used, such as "vaporize" versus "burning."
  • Some participants propose that the original question relates to whether the trash can sustain its own combustion without additional energy input.
  • One participant expresses confusion regarding the conservation of energy and mass, drawing parallels to how fuel is used in cars and questioning if energy can be produced without violating these principles.
  • Another participant clarifies that mass is conserved during combustion and that typical municipal waste can contain excess energy, making the burning process self-sustaining.
  • A participant shares a personal anecdote about converting waste cooking oil into diesel, illustrating practical applications of waste-to-energy concepts.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the original question, with multiple competing views on the definitions and implications of energy production from waste. There is ongoing debate about the specifics of combustion, energy conservation, and the nature of the materials involved.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the need for clarity in definitions and assumptions regarding the types of waste and combustion processes discussed. There is also an acknowledgment of the complexity involved in energy calculations and the varying compositions of waste materials.

Elli1
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TL;DR
Burning waste in a waste-to-energy plat, can more energy be produced by turning the trash to ash, then the amount of energy needed to turn the trash to ash?
Burning waste in a waste-to-energy plat, can more energy be produced by burning the trash then the amount of energy needed to heat the trash to the point it vaporises? (to turn it to ash)
eg we have 100 J of energy inside some rubbish, and this energy would all be released when we incinerate the rubbish,
So and we used 50 J of energy to turn the rubbish to ash, is this possible?
Or would it always cost more energy to turn the TRASH TO ASH then the energy we get from turning the trash to ash.
Thanks in advance!
 
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I would expect this to depend on the quality of the trash, specifically if it has a high content of noncombustibles like water and metal.
 
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Search terms waste to energy will provide a lot of good information.
 
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"trash to ash" might be a cute marketing term but you'd have to define what you mean by "trash", first. Also if you "vaporize" something, you don't get ash... by definition.
 
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Is this equivalent to the question of whether the trash material can sustain its own combustion without further energy input?
 
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I think that was the original question, but the OP hasn't bothered to define what the material is, nor what exactly is meant by "burning".
 
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bobdavis said:
Is this equivalent to the question of whether the trash material can sustain its own combustion without further energy input?
yes
 
hmmm27 said:
I think that was the original question, but the OP hasn't bothered to define what the material is, nor what exactly is meant by "burning".
the would be things like plastic, wood, metal, banana peals, and burning would be heating until most of the mass has 'disappeared'
 
  • #10
Elli1 said:
Summary:: Burning waste in a waste-to-energy plat, can more energy be produced by turning the trash to ash, then the amount of energy needed to turn the trash to ash?

Burning waste in a waste-to-energy plat, can more energy be produced by burning the trash then the amount of energy needed to heat the trash to the point it vaporises? (to turn it to ash)
eg we have 100 J of energy inside some rubbish, and this energy would all be released when we incinerate the rubbish,
So and we used 50 J of energy to turn the rubbish to ash, is this possible?
Or would it always cost more energy to turn the TRASH TO ASH then the energy we get from turning the trash to ash.
Thanks in advance!
when using a car the fuel is used up and you have energy left over to make the car move, so when burning waste (fuel) you use up the waste and have energy left over, it seems like this breaks the conservation of energy-mass in both cases
 
  • #11
Elli1 said:
when using a car the fuel is used up and you have energy left over to make the car move, so when burning waste (fuel) you use up the waste and have energy left over, it seems like this breaks the conservation of energy-mass in both cases
Why do you think it violates conservation of energy/mass? For the mass part; no, mass is not consumed when you burn something. The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. But the reactions produce output energy. If you don't understand how that works even for a car, I suggest trying to work some simple chemistry combustion equations, such as burning methane.

Anyway, this link does indicate that typical municipal waste does contain excess energy, so when it is burned it is self-sustaining and you can produce electricity:
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.php
 
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  • #12
russ_watters said:
Why do you think it violates conservation of energy/mass? For the mass part; no, mass is not consumed when you burn something. The mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. But the reactions produce output energy. If you don't understand how that works even for a car, I suggest trying to work some simple chemistry combustion equations, such as burning methane.

Anyway, this link does indicate that typical municipal waste does contain excess energy, so when it is burned it is self-sustaining and you can produce electricity:
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.php
As we are taking something 'not useful' (waste) and getting 'free energy' from it is why it didn't seem to make sense to me, But so the process of burning trash is the same as combustion in a car and thus more energy is produced by the trash then is put into the trash (it is self sustaining). Until the fuel runs out.
 
  • #13
I know a guy who regularly turns waste cooking oil from restaurants into diesel for his Mercedes-Benz 300 SD ##-## along with the usual nasty products of diesel combustion emissions, his exhaust makes it smell like there's a White Castle or Chinese take-out nearby.
 
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  • #14
Thanks!

I needed an easily solved homework problem this morning.

burning.garbage.2021-12-27 at 3.32.02 PM.png


Source of data: https://www.co.marion.or.us/PW/ES/disposal/Pages/mcwef.aspx
 
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