Water molecules, surface tension and evaporation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the number of water molecules per square centimeter, the diameter of a water molecule, and estimating Avogadro's constant using given parameters such as vaporization temperature (Qvap = 203 x 109 J/m3) and surface tension (S = 0.072 J/m2). The problem involves applying the equations Q = Qvap * V for vaporization and W = S * A for work done on the water. Participants seek guidance on how to approach these calculations effectively.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of surface tension and its implications in fluid dynamics.
  • Familiarity with the concept of vaporization and related energy calculations.
  • Knowledge of Avogadro's constant and its significance in chemistry.
  • Basic skills in algebra and unit conversions relevant to physical chemistry.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the relationship between surface tension and molecular interactions in liquids.
  • Learn how to calculate the diameter of molecules using density and molar concentration.
  • Study the derivation and significance of Avogadro's constant in chemical calculations.
  • Explore the principles of cubic lattice structures in molecular chemistry.
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Chemistry students, educators, and researchers interested in molecular interactions, thermodynamics, and physical chemistry calculations.

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Homework Statement



In this problem, the surface tension S represents the work done to the water when increasing the water's surface area. The vaporization temperature Qvap represents the energy needed per volume unit to vaporize water at 100 degrees Celsius. We imagine that water molecules form a cubic lattice so that each molecule interacts weakly with its six closest neighbours. At the surface of the water there is naturally one neighbour and interaction less for each molecule.

a) What is the amount of water molecules N per square cm when Qvap = 203*109 J/m3 and S = 0.072 J/m2?
b) What is the diameter of one water molecule, if the molecules are as compressed as possible?
c) Use these results to estimate Avogadro's constant, when you know that the water's molar concentration is 56 M (moles/litre)
d) Estimate Avogadro's constant by using the density of water, the weight of a single water molecule and the molar concentration.

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



I don't really know where to start with this problem. I think if get some help getting started from you guys I will figure out the rest eventually, but I really don't know how to approach this problem, so I'd appreciate your help. Thanks!
 
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The relevant equations I can think of are:

Q=Qvap*V (heat used for vaporization of V)
W=S*A (work done to the water when increasing A)

But these equations come straight from Qvap and S, (or they can be figured out) so that's why I didn't include them in my original post, but anyway, here they are for a complete picture of the problem.

Is there anyone who knows how to proceed?
 

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