Wet corrosion of CuNiFer pipe in seawater

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CuNiFer alloy pipes are utilized in seawater cooling systems due to their corrosion resistance and electrical insulation from nearby metals, which helps prevent galvanic corrosion. Despite this, the pipes are still protected by a zinc sacrificial anode to further mitigate corrosion risks. Concerns about wet corrosion in CuNiFer pipes have been raised, prompting inquiries about the specific types of corrosion and their driving forces. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the protective measures in place and the potential vulnerabilities of CuNiFer in marine environments. Further insights can be gained from the referenced paper on CuNiFer wet corrosion.
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Wet corrosion CuNiFer pipes?
This CuNiFer alloy pipe is used in a seawater cooling system and is electrical insulted with nearby metals; this prevents galvanic corrosion to occur since there is no contact with other metals. I've seen multiple sources that say CuNiFer is very corrosion resistance.

The pipe is still protected with a zinc sacrificial anode (red painted bolt). I've found some about wet corrosion in CuNiFer pipes but i'm not sure if this is true. What is the purpose of this protection, against what kind of corrosion is this and what is the driving force of this corrosion? Can you give me the corresponding source?

The paper about CuNiFer wet corrosion: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct...usg=AOvVaw1layEHHCPnsWGdlSPHU-gF&opi=89978449

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