Before semiconductors, the same roles were played by thermionic valves: vacuum tubes.
Non-semiconducting circuit elements are "conductors", "resistors", and insulators.
Clever arrangements of conductors and resistors can be made to do all kinds of clever things.
Thermionic valves, for example, use many different conductors and resistors and insulators together to achieve their effects.
Like I said - you need to be specific.