What are the different methods for calculating satellite altitude?

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SUMMARY

The calculation of satellite altitude involves multiple methods, including the use of pressure sensors at near-space altitudes (28-30 km), accelerometers, and GPS in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). While pressure sensors can determine altitude in the lower atmosphere, accelerometers are less effective in space due to the lack of felt acceleration. Satellites typically utilize a combination of Earth sensors, sun sensors, star trackers, directed antennas, and ground-based lasers for accurate altitude measurements.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of pressure sensor functionality in atmospheric conditions
  • Knowledge of GPS technology and its application in Low Earth Orbit
  • Familiarity with Earth sensors and their role in satellite navigation
  • Basic principles of accelerometers and their limitations in space
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of pressure altitude calculation using barometric sensors
  • Learn about GPS signal processing in Low Earth Orbit
  • Explore the functionality and applications of star trackers in satellite navigation
  • Investigate the use of laser ranging techniques for altitude measurement
USEFUL FOR

Aerospace engineers, satellite navigation specialists, and students studying satellite technology will benefit from this discussion.

trunet
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Hi,

I'd like to know how it's possible to calculate the altitude of a satellite using some kind sensor.

I know that near-space(28~30km) you can still read a very low pressure so I can calculate the altitude using pressure. But and after this? I read that you can use gravity so, can I use an accelerometer? How's the math/formulas on this?
 
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Radar?

A satellite can't feel any acceleration so that's not going to work afaik.
 
Satellites will typically use some combination of Earth sensors, sun sensors, star trackers, directed antennas or lasers from the ground, and accelerometers. Low Earth orbit also gives you the ability to use GPS.
 

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