What are the energy conservation principles at play in a catapult launch?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the energy conservation principles involved in the launch of a rock using a catapult. Participants explore the energy transformations and calculations related to the mechanics of the catapult, including potential and rotational energy considerations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes the initial conditions of the catapult, including the spring's equilibrium length and its fully stretched length, and calculates the initial energy using the formula 1/2 * k * x^2, where k is the spring constant and x is the stretch from equilibrium.
  • The participant proposes that the energy from the catapult launch is distributed among the rotational energy of the lever arm, the rotational energy of the rock, and the gravitational potential energy gained by both the rock and the lever arm.
  • Another participant provides specific values for the mass of the lever arm and the rock, as well as their respective distances from the pivot, to support the calculations.
  • A later reply acknowledges the overall sense of the equations but points out the need for clarification regarding the use of multiple symbols for mass and the determination of height in the potential energy calculations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the framework of energy conservation principles but express uncertainty regarding specific calculations and the clarity of variable definitions. There is no consensus on the correctness of the equations presented.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the need for clearer definitions of variables used in the equations, particularly regarding the heights associated with potential energy, and the potential confusion arising from the use of multiple mass symbols.

GopherTv
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TL;DR
Im trying to calculate the velocity of a projectile on a catapult at different levels of stretch in the spring.
1653014662125.png

This is the catapult.
At equalibrium the spring is 0.09 meters in length.

1653014707384.png

When its fully stretched out its 0.225 meters long and I place a rock (0.205 kg) close to where my finger is on the catapult.

The catapult starts with this much energy because 1/2 * k * x^2
1653014854257.png

90.54 is the spring constant which I got already, 0.225 is the length of the spring and i subtract 0.09 to get the stretch from equalibrium for x.
1653014931235.png

i then subtract this because the rock slides off the lever arm before it can fully extend, 0.165 is just a random number i picked for the length of the spring when the rock slides off
.
1653015009665.png


We have this:
1653015036746.png


This energy goes to 4 things, rotational energy of the lever arm, rotational energy of the rock (since its moving in a circular motion), the gravitational potential energy gained in the rock from it's center of mass now being heigher in the air, and the same for the lever arm, it also gains potential energy.

omega for both the arm and rock will be the same since the angular velocity is same.
subscript 1 is for the lever arm; 2 is for the rock
1653015406204.png

the rotational inertia for the lever arm will be 1/3*m*r^2
and for the rock it will be mr^2
1653015336867.png
 
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1653015576698.png

I plugged in some numbers, the mass of the lever arm was 0.045 kg and its length was 0.18 meters

The mass of the rock I am launching was 0.205 kg and its distance from the pivot was 0.15 meters
 
I didn't exactly ask a question when posting, but i wanted to know if my math makes sence. i hope it does
 
Your equation makes sense but it needs a modification and a clarification.
In the last equation of post #1 you use three symbols for two masses, ##m##, ##m_1## and ##m_2##. Fix that.
In that same equation you have ##h_1## and ##h_2##. One of these is the potential energy of the lever arm. How do you figure what ##h## you use for that?
 

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