What force causes a balloon to float?

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    Balloon Float Force
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the forces that cause a balloon to float, particularly comparing balloons filled with different gases like CO2 and helium. Participants explore concepts related to buoyancy, gravity, and lift, as well as analogies to airplanes and bubbles in water.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that a CO2-filled balloon falls due to being heavier than air, attributing this to gravity.
  • Others point out that a helium-filled balloon floats because it is lighter than air, prompting questions about the forces involved in this phenomenon.
  • One participant compares the floating balloon to an airplane, while another suggests it is more akin to a blimp.
  • A later reply clarifies that airplanes do not float by lift but require air movement across their wings to generate lift, and if they stop moving, they will stall.
  • Another participant introduces the idea that the force causing the balloon to rise is also gravity, comparing it to a bubble rising in water, where the upward movement is related to the weight difference between the bubble and the surrounding water.
  • This participant elaborates on buoyancy, explaining that the pressure gradient in a fluid results in a net upward force if the object is lighter than the fluid it displaces.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the analogy of floating balloons to airplanes and blimps, and there is no consensus on the precise forces at play or the best analogy to use. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact nature of the forces involved.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about buoyancy and the nature of lift in fluids are not fully explored, and the discussion includes various analogies that may not capture all aspects of the physics involved.

timothychoi
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When I blow a balloon with CO2, it falls as it is heavier than air. Then it is gravity that causes the balloon to fall.
When I buy a balloon filled with helium gas from a store, it floats as it is lighter than air. But what force is causing the balloon to float?
 
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timothychoi said:
When I blow a balloon with CO2, it falls as it is heavier than air. Then it is gravity that causes the balloon to fall.
When I buy a balloon filled with helium gas from a store, it floats as it is lighter than air. But what force is causing the balloon to float?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy

:smile:
 
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timothychoi said:
I see. It is like an airplane.
No, more like a Blimp...
 
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berkeman said:
No, more like a Blimp...
Oh. I noticed that an airplane floats by "lift". Thanks.
 
timothychoi said:
Oh. I noticed that an airplane floats by "lift". Thanks.

an aeroplane doesn't float by lift it flies, air must move across the wings ( above and below) to cause lift
If it doesn't keep moving, it will stall and fall from the sky
 
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timothychoi said:
When I blow a balloon with CO2, it falls as it is heavier than air. Then it is gravity that causes the balloon to fall.
When I buy a balloon filled with helium gas from a store, it floats as it is lighter than air. But what force is causing the balloon to float?

The force causing the balloon to rise is also gravity! It is not like an airplane. It is more like a bubble under water. Gravity is pushing the water down. As the bubble goes up, that amount of water goes down. So the bubble going up is effectively water falling. Of course gravity is pulling down on the air in the bubble too, but with less force because it is lighter than an equal volume of water. So in net the bubble rising is equivalent to something (the difference in weight between the water and the air) falling.

With your CO2 balloon the rubber+CO2 is heavier than an equal volume of air and that difference in weight falls under gravity. With helium the rubber+helium is lighter than an equal volume of air, and, again, that difference in weight falls under gravity.

That is an energy argument. The way this works in detail is that the weight of the water causes a pressure gradient. The water on top has no weight pressing down on it. Below the surface the water is being pushed down by the weight of all the water above that depth. The deeper you go the greater the weight above and the higher the pressure. That means that the bubble experiences a higher pressure on the bottom of the bubble than on the top. There is a net force upward. It can be shown that the net force upward is equal to the weight of the missing water. This is called buoyancy. If the contents of the bubble weigh less than the missing water, the net force of buoyancy + gravity is upward, and vice versa.
 
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