What Makes a System 'Frustrated' in Spin Glasses and Other Physical Systems?

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SUMMARY

The term 'frustration' in physical systems, particularly in spin glasses, arises from a highly degenerate ground state. For example, a system of three spin-1/2 particles arranged in a triangle with pairwise anti-ferromagnetic interactions exhibits a triply degenerate ground state, leading to frustration. This concept extends to triangular and cubic lattices and applies to disordered, amorphous materials. Spin glasses represent a specific type of frustrated spin system characterized by complex, long-time dynamics akin to glassy systems.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of spin-1/2 particles and their interactions
  • Familiarity with concepts of ground states and degeneracy
  • Knowledge of lattice structures, particularly triangular and cubic lattices
  • Basic principles of glassy dynamics in physical systems
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  • Explore the properties of spin glasses and their applications in material science
  • Study the dynamics of frustrated systems in disordered materials
  • Investigate the mathematical modeling of degenerate ground states
  • Learn about the experimental techniques used to observe spin glass behavior
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Physicists, material scientists, and researchers interested in the dynamics of frustrated systems and spin glasses will benefit from this discussion.

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this term is often used when discussing spin glasses, etc.
 
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Frustration is typically the result of having a highly degenerate ground state. Consider a system of 3 spin-1/2 particles on the vertices of a triangle, with a pairwise anti-ferromagnetic interaction. This system has a triply degenerate ground state (1u 2u 3d or 1u 2d 3u or 1d 2u 3u) and is thus said to be frustrated. The concept can be extended from there to a triangular lattice, or a cubic lattice with different interactions and further to disordered, amorphous materials. A spin glass is a frustrated spin system that exhibits the weird, long-time dynamics of glassy systems.
 
Thread 'Unexpected irregular reflection signal from a high-finesse cavity'

Thread 'Unexpected irregular reflection signal from a high-finesse cavity'

I am observing an irregular, aperiodic noise pattern in the reflection signal of a high-finesse optical cavity (finesse ≈ 20,000). The cavity is normally operated using a standard Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) locking configuration, where an EOM provides phase modulation. The signals shown in the attached figures were recorded with the modulation turned off. Under these conditions, when scanning the laser frequency across a cavity resonance, I expected to observe a simple reflection dip. Instead...
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