It's obvious- configuration analysis is analysis of multiple configurations
Seriously though, I think this question is a little too vague to get a useful response. What was the context in which you heard "configuration analysis" being used?
Haha :). I found it in a job description that states:
"Position requires a solid background in machinery design using Solid Works and experience with Engineering Change processes including bill of material management, drawing review and configuration analysis."
I've also never heard these things called an engineering change process but I guess that's what an engineering change process is :).
I work as a mechanical engineer for an aerospace company and what we mostly do is engineering changes since the technology is always in development. Eng changes can go from re-designing some parts or configurations/assemblies to changing dimension tolerances to adjust to the manufacturing capabilities.