What is curvature? (multivariable calculus)

[iScience]

if space curve C=<f(t),g(t),h(t)>, and

v=\frac{dC}{dt}=<\frac{df(t)}{dt},\frac{dg(t)}{dt},\frac{dh(t)}{dt}>

Why is curvature defined this way? κ\equiv\frac{d\widehat{T}}{dS}

\hat{T}=unit tangent vector
S=arc length

to elaborate, for a space curve, i understand what \frac{dT}{dt} is, but what is \frac{d\widehat{T}}{dS}? please explain this to me in an intuitive way, as in what it graphically represents.

wiki says that the "cauchy defined the curvature C as the intersection point of two infinitely close normals to the curve"

okay so how is this any different from \frac{dT}{dt}?

 

[lurflurf]

Is this what you mean?
$$\kappa = \left\|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\right\|$$

So at a point we fit the curve (locally) to a circle. The curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of that circle. We think of a small circle as very curved so it has high curvature. A large circle is slightly curved so it has low curvature.

 

[iScience]

Is this what you mean?
$$\kappa = \left\|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\right\|$$

So at a point we fit the curve (locally) to a circle. The curvature is the reciprocal of the radius of that circle. We think of a small circle as very curved so it has high curvature. A large circle is slightly curved so it has low curvature.

alright, i have no problem with the curvature being defined that way, but could you show me how $$\kappa = \left\|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\right\|$$ means that? ie.. could you show me how $$\kappa = \left\|\frac{d\mathbf{T}}{ds}\right\|$$ directly leads 1/r?

 

[WannabeNewton]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating_circle

This is what lurf was referring to and it gives the intuition for what the extrinsic curvature of a curve embedding in the plane is.