My guess would be that their works were developed with knowledge, curiosity, imagination, and persistence.
I base this on quotes attributed to Einstein, Newton, Edison, Tesla, and of course, Roosevelt.
Of course, without some base knowledge, you wouldn't be curious about something, and without imagination, you couldn't really expand on how to solve the problem, and unless you are persistent, the problem is just going to end up on the coffee table, with everything else, and never get solved.
And then you run off to the river, which I am about to do, and listen to people gossip.
Hmmm... this reminds me, that I have a data from a science experiment on my coffee table from yesterday that needs analyzing.
I think I boogered a couple of experiments over the last 10 years.