What is the Condition for Interference of Two Plane Waves?

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SUMMARY

The condition for interference of two plane waves is determined by their phase relationship and directionality. The two plane waves are represented as \(\vec{E}_1 = E_0\vec{A}\exp(ikz - i\omega t) + c.c.\) and \(\vec{E}_2 = E_0\vec{B}\exp(ikz - i\omega t + i\phi) + c.c.\). The interference pattern is influenced by the cosine terms derived from the expressions for \(\vec{E}_1\) and \(\vec{E}_2\), specifically \(E_0^2AB\cos(\phi+\alpha-\beta)\). The discussion clarifies that the waves will always interfere, but the nature of the interference depends on their relative phases and directions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex numbers and their representation in wave equations
  • Familiarity with the principles of wave interference
  • Knowledge of trigonometric identities, particularly cosine functions
  • Basic grasp of electromagnetic wave theory
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of interference patterns in electromagnetic waves
  • Learn about the role of phase differences in wave interference
  • Explore the mathematical representation of wave functions in quantum mechanics
  • Investigate applications of wave interference in optics and signal processing
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those focusing on wave mechanics, electromagnetism, and optics. This discussion is beneficial for anyone seeking to understand the conditions that affect wave interference patterns.

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Homework Statement


Find out the condition for two-plane-wave interference. The two plane waves are given as

[tex] \vec{E}_1 = E_0\vec{A}\exp(ikz - i\omega t) + c.c.[/tex]

[tex] \vec{E}_2 = E_0\vec{B}\exp(ikz - i\omega t + i\phi) + c.c.[/tex]

where [tex]\vec{A}[/tex] and [tex]\vec{B}[/tex] are complex. All other variables are real.


2. The attempt at a solution
Here is how I do the problem. I first let

[tex]\vec{A} = A\exp(i\alpha)[/tex]

[tex]\vec{B} = B\exp(i\gamma)[/tex]

and define
[tex]F = kz - \omega t, \qquad G = kz - \omega t + \phi[/tex]
so

[tex] \vec{E}_1 = E_0A \left(\exp[i(F + \alpha)] + \exp[-i(F+\alpha)]\right)<br /> = 2E_0 A\cos(F+\alpha)[/tex]

[tex] \vec{E}_2 = E_0B \left(\exp[i(G + \beta)] + \exp[-i(G+\beta)]\right)<br /> = 2E_0 B\cos(G+\beta)[/tex]

Now, both [tex]\vec{E}_1[/tex] and [tex]\vec{E}_2[/tex] become real. So I can square the total field [tex]\vec{E} = \vec{E}_1 + \vec{E}_2[/tex] directly

[tex]E^2 = E_1^2 + E_2^2 + 2E_1E_2 = <br /> 4E_0^2 A^2\cos^2(F+\alpha) + 4E^2_0 B^2\cos^2(G+\beta) + 8E_0^2AB\cos(F+\alpha)\cos(G+\beta)[/tex]

But I remember the interference term should only contain the

[tex]E_0^2AB\cos(\phi+\alpha-\beta)[/tex]
 
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What do you mean by "the condition for two-plane-wave interference"? They always interfere, regardless of any specific phases and whatnot.

Are these waves supposed to be going in exactly the same direction? If so, this problem may be quite easy (depending on what "the condition for two-plane-wave interference" means.)
 

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