What is the electric field of a point charge?

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SUMMARY

The electric field of a point charge located at the origin is considered undefined rather than zero. This is due to the nature of point charges, which cannot exert force on themselves, leading to contradictions in defining the electric field at their exact location. In contrast, a spherical charge distribution would result in a zero electric field at its center, as per Gauss's theorem, which applies to charges with dimensions. Therefore, the electric field is only zero when the charge has a physical size, not when it is treated as a point charge.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electric fields and point charges
  • Familiarity with Gauss's theorem
  • Basic knowledge of charge distributions
  • Concept of electric potential
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Gauss's theorem on electric fields
  • Explore the differences between point charges and spherical charge distributions
  • Learn about electric potential and its relationship with electric fields
  • Investigate the mathematical formulation of electric fields around different charge configurations
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding electrostatics and the behavior of electric fields in relation to point and distributed charges.

Amin2014
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Assuming the point charge lies at the origin, what is the electric field at the origin? Zero or undefined?
 
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undefined
 
BvU said:
undefined
I checked some books and you are right. However, I don't understand why we can't we just assign it a value of zero? After all, the charge cannot apply force on itself.
 
There is the issue of size. Equal to zero for a point. Zero E would mean constant potential over some region with size. Contradiction !
Amin2014 said:
After all, the charge cannot apply force on itself
No, but it can apply force on a test charge, however close it comes...
No place where that force suddenly drops from near infinity to zero.
 
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BvU said:
There is the issue of size. Equal to zero for a point. Zero E would mean constant potential over some region with size. Contradiction !

Ok I see. The field is zero at the center of a spherical charge distribution, no matter the size of sphere. So if our charge had dimensions (unlike a point charge), then the field would be zero at the origin.
 
Same difference: you refer to Gauss theorem: some charge density times zero volume. Doesn't fly when charge is within zero volume.
 
BvU said:
Same difference: you refer to Gauss theorem: some charge density times zero volume. Doesn't fly when charge is within zero volume.
I was validating your answer and completing it. The field would be zero only if the charge has dimensions.
 

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