What is the hybridization of oxygen in formaldehyde?

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SUMMARY

The hybridization of the oxygen atom in formaldehyde (CH2O) is sp2. This conclusion is based on the presence of a double bond between carbon and oxygen, which requires one sigma bond and one pi bond. Oxygen has six valence electrons, with two forming lone pairs and one participating in the pi bond, resulting in three hybrid orbitals. Therefore, the oxygen atom in formaldehyde utilizes sp2 hybridization.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of molecular hybridization concepts
  • Knowledge of valence electron configuration
  • Familiarity with sigma and pi bonds
  • Basic chemistry of formaldehyde (CH2O)
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the hybridization of other common molecules, such as ethylene (C2H4)
  • Learn about the implications of hybridization on molecular geometry
  • Explore the concept of resonance structures in organic compounds
  • Investigate the role of hybridization in reaction mechanisms
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Chemistry students, educators, and professionals interested in molecular structure and bonding, particularly those studying organic chemistry and hybridization concepts.

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This isn't a homework problem, but rather a question that I thought about. Given a Formaldehyde CH_{2}O molecule, what would the hybridization of the oxygen atom be?

I know that the hybridization of the carbon atom would be:

C = \frac{\uparrow}{2sp^{2}} \frac{\uparrow}{2sp^{2}} \frac{\uparrow}{2sp^{2}} \frac{\uparrow}{2p}

I also know that given the double bond between carbon and oxygen, a sigma bond and pi bond will be required. As thus, this is what made me think about the configuration of oxygen's orbitals. If oxygen only makes 2 bonds, then what does that imply about its hybridization? Is it sp hybridization? Does it even hybridize?

O = \frac{\uparrow\downarrow}{2sp} \frac{\uparrow\downarrow}{2sp} \frac{\uparrow}{2p} \frac{\uparrow}{2p}
 
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Hybridization of Oxygen is sp2. You know that the no of valence electrons in Oxygen atom is 6.

One is used to make a sigma bond. (1) Two are lone pairs (1 + 1 = 2) and one is used for pi bond. Total hybrid orbitals required = 3. And sp2 has 3 hybrid orbitals.
 

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