What Is the Relationship Between Band Gap and Temperature in Germanium?

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SUMMARY

The relationship between band gap and temperature in germanium is characterized by a band gap of approximately 0.74 eV, as determined through the analysis of voltage measurements across a germanium sample at varying temperatures. The equation ln(V/I) = Eg/2kT + c was utilized to derive this value, where V is voltage, I is current, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is temperature. The band gap remains constant at low temperatures but can be approximated linearly at room temperature and above. The linear approximation fails at low temperatures due to the non-linear behavior of the band gap in that region.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of semiconductor physics
  • Familiarity with the Boltzmann constant
  • Knowledge of the relationship between voltage, current, and temperature in semiconductors
  • Ability to interpret graphical data and linear approximations
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the temperature dependence of band gaps in semiconductors
  • Learn how to derive constants a and B in the equation Eg(T) = Eg(0) - aT²/(T + B)
  • Explore the implications of non-linear band gap behavior at low temperatures
  • Study the graphical representation of band gap versus temperature for various materials
USEFUL FOR

Students studying semiconductor physics, researchers in materials science, and anyone interested in the thermal properties of germanium and its applications in electronics.

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Homework Statement



[Edit: Please also see additional posts below. I have tried to clarify my question somewhat but didn't want to edit this one just incase anyone can help with the full problem.
Thanks! :) ]

I did a lab on the band gap in germanium where I measured the voltage across a germanium sample over various temperatures and my final result is in agreement with values found online - in the region of 0.74eV - which I obtained from the gradient of the graph produced when I plotted ln(V/I) against 1/T.
I haven't covered band gaps in lectures yet so don't completely understand the theory behind it, but I do know that the band gap varies with temperature, that at low temperatures the band gap is constant and that band gaps can be approximated linearly at temperatures of around room temperature and higher.
Is the value I obtained (0.74eV) the y-intercept of the linear approximation Eg against T? And why does this approximation not work for very low temperatures?

Homework Equations



I used ln(V/I)=Eg/2kT + c where V is the voltage measured at certain temperatures (T), I is 5mA, Eg is the energy gap, k is the Boltmann constant and c is a constant.

I also found Eg(T) = Eg(0)-aT^{2}/(T+B) online and found a worked example for germanium online but I'm reluctant to introduce this into my report as there is nothing like this in my lab script and I don't know how to find the constants a and B. From what I understand a is the gradient the gradient of the graph of Eg against T.

The Attempt at a Solution



I've had a look online but can't find much to help at a basic enough level. See above for bits of research attempts, though most of my attempts consist of racking my brain but not getting very far.
 
Last edited:
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If there's any more information I can give to help please let me know :smile:
 

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