What Limits the Distance of Reflections in Parallel Mirrors?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the limitations of reflections in parallel mirrors, specifically addressing factors that affect the Q value and finesse of an optical cavity. Key contributors to these limitations include less than perfect reflectivity and flatness of the mirrors. The impact of the observer's image and air interference is deemed less significant, particularly in high-finesse cavities, which are typically operated in a vacuum to minimize such effects.

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Loren Booda
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Two state-of-the-art mirrors are mounted parallel and facing each other. What primarily prevents their reflections from traveling an infinite distance - less than perfect reflectivity, less than perfect flatness, the image of the observer or interference by intervening air?
 
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Impossible to tell.
What you are basically asking it what is limiting the Q value (or if you want, the finesse) of an optical cavity and there is no generic answer to that; it is a combination of many different factors.

Alhough I would expect a high-finesse cavity to be operated in a good vacuum, so I don't think the last reason you mention is actually relevant.
 

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