A function f(x) is not differentiable at a point if it has a cusp, a non-removable discontinuity like a jump, or an asymptote. Additionally, it is non-differentiable where the slope is vertical. The function also fails to be differentiable if it does not meet the limit criteria in the definition of the derivative. These conditions highlight the various scenarios where differentiability breaks down. Understanding these points is crucial for analyzing the behavior of functions in calculus.