Speaking VERY GENERALLY:
The taller you build a building, the higher the incremental costs per story. In fact, after a certain point (obviously depending on the materials, style, function, etc) the cost to add additional floors gets very very high. There are numerous reasons for this -structural, infrastructural, maintenance, stability and construction of load bearing foundation, load bearing walls and internal structure, effects of wind, general other safety issues, proximate construction costs and tons of others. There also comes a point after which you can throw as much money as you want at the project but could not reasonably build it any taller.
Notably, the energy needed to pump water to the upper floors isn't as big of a deal as one might think. That is why there are water tanks on the roofs of tall buildings... not to provide a supply of water, but to maintain pressure. That way it is more just a matter of moving the water rather than having to do all the usual work one would associate with lifting it.
This is all from memory, but I am sure that some basic texts on architecture, urban planning and the like all go into this in abundant detail.
--diogenesNY