Why are the colours of nebulae different?

  • Context: Undergrad 
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the differences in the perceived colors of nebulae when viewed through telescopes versus photographs, particularly focusing on the Orion Nebula. It addresses questions about the reasons for color variation and the visual experience from different distances.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the Orion Nebula appears gray through a telescope but shows purple and green in photographs, questioning the reasons for this difference.
  • Another participant suggests that the chemical composition of gas clouds and the emission frequencies of illumination sources contribute to the observed colors, emphasizing that photography can capture light frequencies beyond human perception.
  • It is mentioned that most nebulae appear gray in telescopic views due to the human eye's limited ability to detect color in low light, and that even close proximity would not yield the vibrant colors seen in Hubble images.
  • A further explanation indicates that many colorful images are false color representations, created using narrowband filters that isolate specific wavelengths and assign colors accordingly, with specific colors corresponding to different elements like Sulfur, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple viewpoints regarding the reasons for color differences in nebulae, with no consensus reached on the extent to which proximity or photographic techniques influence perception.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in human color perception under low light conditions and the reliance on photographic techniques that may not accurately represent the visual experience in space.

Mekon
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When I view the Orion Nebula through my telescope it appears a grey (US 'gray') cloud. When I take a time exposure photograph I can see purple and and green clouds.
1. Why is it different?
2. If i were in a spaceship and much closer, would I see the colours one sees in the beautiful Hubble images?

TIA
Mekon
 
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Two answers: chemical composition of the gas clouds and emission frequency of illumination sources. Photography reveals light frequencies inaccessible to the human eye.
 
Almost all nebulae are gray in the eyepiece due to the human eye being unable to detect color in such low light levels. Even going close would not look quite like the Hubble images. They simply don't put out that much light.

Also, many of the images seen where there are very bright distinct colors are false color images. These are taken through narrowband filters designed to isolate a very small wavelength range and are then assigned a specific color in the final image. For example, the Hubble typically uses Red for Sulfur emissions, Green for Hydrogen, and Blue for Oxygen. However both Sulfur and Hydrogen emit their light in the Red area of the spectrum, while Oxygen emits it's light in between green and blue.
 
Thanks for both replies. :)
 

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