Why calculate true stress and strain?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the necessity of calculating true stress and strain in mechanical engineering, particularly during stress-strain curve experiments. True stress accounts for the instantaneous cross-sectional area as the load increases, providing a more accurate representation of stress compared to engineering stress, which relies on the initial area. This distinction is crucial for understanding material behavior under load and ensuring accurate predictions in mechanical applications.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of mechanical engineering principles
  • Familiarity with stress-strain curves
  • Knowledge of true stress and strain calculations
  • Basic concepts of material deformation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of true stress and strain in material science
  • Explore the differences between engineering stress and true stress in practical scenarios
  • Learn about the significance of the stress-strain curve in material testing
  • Investigate the effects of plastic deformation on material properties
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Mechanical engineering students, materials scientists, and professionals involved in material testing and analysis will benefit from this discussion on true stress and strain calculations.

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I am taking a lab course in mechanical engineering and in an experiment wherein we graph a stress strain curve, the TA mentioned true stress and strain. I know what these values are and I even know how to calculate it given the engineering stress and strain, but I just don't understand why it is necessary in the first place to calculate the true stress and strain. Can anyone help?
 
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Because as the load increases, the cross-section over which the force is applied changes. So if you use engineering stress (which takes into account the initial area), the value of stress will be under-predicted (lesser than what the value actually is). True stress solves this issue by considering the instantaneous area over the course of application of load so that as the cross-section changes, the value of stress is calculated using the new area of cross-section. Hope it helps
 

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